Religion And Politics The Dwindling Of Secularism

Religion and Politics: The Dwindling of Secularism Everyone has morals and beliefs that set a baseline for what they value. Values vary between individuals, but for many, religion is the root from where these values stem. While it is good to morally question, today personal religious affiliation is increasing in collective matters and actions, expressed in politics, protests, and biased beliefs. It is important to note that religion and politics are two different domains that should not intermingle. Religion is a personal ideology while politics embodies a rational, collective process. Good politics are policy oriented and not concerned with external factors related to politicians and their personal lives. Contemporary politics do not hold the same political legitimacy that it intended to have at the founding, and increasing religious activism in the political process is a large contributor to the corresponding decline. Policy and religion have different ends. The former is geared towards justice and order, while the latter towards à ¢â‚¬Å"a purpose beyond all human purposes†. These domains hold different objectives and therefore have no reason to be intertwined, for â€Å"the cornerstone on which the separation of church and state rests . . . is the belief that religion cannot be involved with politics or politics with a particular religion without threatening their mutual destruction† (Thompson 14). America is a nation that takes pride in its exceptionalism, for the statutes of theShow MoreRelatedDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagespurpose of further drawing out the factors which have led to Dubais development outcome. The first such case will be Saudi Arabia. It is appropriate because while it shares many of Dubais characteristics, such as its Arab ethnicity, its Islamic religion, its monarchic, authoritarian political system, and its oil rents, it has had much higher degrees of politically instability and a comparatively weak economy. To control for thi s states large size in relation to Dubai and the U.A.E., an examinationRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagessects only influenced minorities. And yet they have retained a deep tinge of Christian feeling, while almost forgetting the name of Christ. The power-worship which is the new religion of Europe, and which has infected the English intelligentsia, has never touched the common people. They have never caught up with power politics. The ‘realism’ which is preached in Japanese and Italian newspapers would horrify them. One can learn a good deal about the spirit of England from the comic coloured postcardsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistory and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed:Read MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pageswith significant future potential such as solar, wind and biofuels (jatropha, sugarcane). Indias huge thorium reserves  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ about 25% of worlds reserves  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ are expected to fuel the countrys ambitious nuclear energy program in the long-run. Indias dwindling uranium reserves stagnated the growth of nuclear energy in the country for many years.[99] However, the Indo-US nuclear deal has paved the way for India to import uranium from other countries.[100] [edit] Infrastructure India has the worlds third

Blade Runner Essay example - 489 Words

Blade Runner Mise en scene, in discussions of film, refers to the composition of the individual film, the relation of objects, people and masses; the interplay of light and dark; the pattern of colour; the cameras position and angle of view, as well as the movement within the frame. The complete film dictionary. The Ridley Scott film Blade Runner, begins with opening credits, these are plain, bold, white text on a black background. This along with quiet music and sudden beats of drums creates a very tense atmosphere and helps with suspense; there is a very military feel to this opening sequence. We are then given an update of events, this tells us the film is set in the future and†¦show more content†¦====================================================================== The lighting is another prominent feature of Mise-en-scene used here, colours such as orange, red and black are very dominant, these along with what looks like smoke or steam help with the atmosphere and are a commonly found in sci-fi films. There is no sign of nature, no greens of trees or blue in the sky, this is perhaps to show that it is set in the future as this is what we may expect due to pollution and urban development. The only factor we can so far relate to our world is the rain, and lightning. These help to add to the atmosphere and gloominess of the film that helps to create the futuristic setting required. ====================================================================== We are then shown a large space ship like building, which size is hard to determine. This again helps us visualise the developments of the world, and that this is a sci-fi film, Mise- en scene is often used as a definer of genre and therefore this helps to conform to the genericShow MoreRelatedFilm Blade Runner Essay536 Words   |  3 PagesFilm Blade Runner Director Ridley Scotts Blade Runner is a film adaptation of the book: Do androids dream of electric sheep. The film is about a man in the division of the police that involves the retirement of NEXUS 6 Replicants; this division is called the Blade Runner division. The film begins with a view in long shot of Los Angeles in 2019 as a dystopia. In the middle of the dark and crowded city, under the blackened sky and blanket upon blanket ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Blade Runner And Frankenstein1242 Words   |  5 Pagespast experiences and moral compass. Blade Runner and Frankenstein both confront the issue of non-humans displaying human characteristics. Replicants and the Monster both are on the very outskirts of humanity, but they are capable of rational thought and compassion, along with the pursuit of happiness. This has created a sort of creepy feeling, with our modern perspective of humanism encroaching on the progressive views of the two stories in question. Blade Runner and Frankenstein have a warped conceptRead MoreBlade Runner And The Human Identity1225 Words   |  5 PagesBlade Runner and the Human Identity The goal of a movie is to make you think. Simple as that. No matter how trivial the topic, it should challenge some previous notion you’ve held. Even a movies like comedies should complete this goal. One genre of film that often challenges the viewer is science fiction. Considered to be the pinnacle of science fiction movies, Ridley Scott’s â€Å"Blade Runner† questions our definition of what is human. Based on Philip K. Dick’s book Do Androids dream of Electric SheepRead MoreEssay on The Representation of the Body in Blade Runner2251 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay will discuss the representation of the body in Blade Runner because in discussing the effects of something yet to happen which is the dystopia presented by Blade Runner, in the present tense i.e. in assuming that it has already happened, we gain a greater insight and understanding of the consequences of our actions as a society now. Dystopic films and novels such as Blade Runner, Nineteen Ei ghty Four and Brave New World are invaluable as texts which have tied together philosophical, politicalRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Blade Runner1299 Words   |  6 PagesBlade Runner The early Ridley Scott directed Blade Runner (1982) after his latest hit Alien (1979) you can clearly see his style being an innovator in his field and his masterful use of water and smoke, giving all his movies his unique sense of style. Not to mention the perfect world he builds for his movies, Blade Runner has a dark futuristic city vibe yet vibrant with neon lights and crowds of people. The conventions being a gritty sci-fi noir. The context of this world that of which takes placeRead MoreBlade Runner Essay examples466 Words   |  2 PagesBlade Runner The movie that I chose to analyze for this section is Blade Runner. This movie takes place in Los Angeles in the year 2019. It is based on a futuristic situation where a company has created an advance synthetic human form referred to as replicants. The replicants look identical to regular humans, however they are faster, stronger, and more agile. Their intelligence is equal to if not more superior to humans. The replicants were sent to the off world and used to further spaceRead More Ridley Scotts Blade Runner Essay2557 Words   |  11 PagesRidley Scotts Blade Runner In 1982 Ridley Scott’s movie â€Å"Blade Runner† was quietly released and received mixed reviews7. As time passed the movie’s fan base expanded and today, many consider it to be one of the greatest science fiction movies of all time. Numerous people consider it Harrison Ford’s greatest acting role, which, considering the competition consisting of Han Solo and Indiana Jones, is no small feat. Originally, critics missed or were confused by the philosophical questionsRead MoreBlade Runner By C. Jung1601 Words   |  7 PagesBlade Runner 2049 from a Jungian Perspective Many films have been based on archetypal patterns discovered by C. Jung. For instance, Fight Club and The Double deal with the issue of transformative shadow possession where the ego must embark on a journey of transcending a comfortable but rather fruitless attitude to life and is pushed towards taking steps necessary to win the power struggle against its shadow. The hero myth or a hero s journey, as one of the most popular archetypal patterns of transformationRead MoreEssay on Frankenstein and Blade Runner792 Words   |  4 Pagespresent through techniques in texts to paint their own image of humanity. Our ideals and morals that differ in texts through context, scrupulously shape our image of humanity Despite different contexts, both Shelley’s Frankenstein and Scott’s Blade Runner enthrall the audience in a journey to explore the inner psyche through the various perspectives that are drawn. BR depicts the hunger of mankind to break the barriers of humane principle and intrinsic concepts of nature. The extended ironyRead MoreComparison Between 1984 And Blade Runner1632 Words   |  7 Pages689856W Word Count: 1500 Ridley Scott and George Orwell both continually depict control in their texts through the utilisation of various techniques, in order to portray the effect this has on the characters of Blade Runner and 1984 respectively. This is done by both Scott and Orwell expertly and provides the audience with further insight and depth of the characters. Orwell and Scott respectively utilise the surrounding setting of their protagonists to depict the control that they are under, each

Classical Music free essay sample

People listen to the melody and the rhythms follow by music notes, music instrument, and voices following along making the Influences as a part of an essential need to almost everyone especially In the entertainment world of consumption. Although, where did all of this occur and what made this major event to become an unforgettable event? Musical Music recreate the benefit of appreciation, an event, a gathering, emotions, and anything that follows an individual needs. It creates negations and to many others it became a relevant message to provide the listeners the perception they are trying to conclude in each song. It is known for many things. It can be a stress reliever, a gathering, a festival performance, consuming, globally, its a massive and successful creation. Genre were then created to suit individual interest whether they like to listen to a certain type of beat or certain type of instruments. Classical composers tended to be liberal when it came to rhythmic patterns, unlike baroque music in which a few patterns are repeated creating perpetual motion, classical compositions can feature many changing patterns. As well as this, classical style used syncopation, unexpected pauses and often jumped from long notes to short notes. Also featured, were sudden or gradual changes from patterns of note lengths. The only fairly consistent aspect of classical rhythm was the common time signature which kept the music simple and enjoyable.Melody was an essential and important part of any classical composition. Differing from the Baroque period, a classical melody was usually tuneful and catchy. They are usually created using two phrases of the same length, with the second phrase starting like the first but ending conclusively. This was done to make the music sound symmetrical and balanced. Also, a classical melody may have a popular or folk flavor and composers may even borrow themes from other popular tunes. Arguably, classical musics greatest aspects is its ability to manipulate contrasting moods within a composition.While Baroque music conveyed a singular emotion, a classical piece would fluctuate in mood throughout with a variety of emotions. These changes may occur gradually or quite suddenly in surges of emotion with each strikingly different from the last. Not only did the themes of a piece differ but there may also be contrasting sections of mood within a single theme. However, for a piece to maintain the logic and control that was characteristic to great classical music, it took a master composer like Mozart, Beethoven and Haydn.One development of the Classical period is he growth of the public concert. Although the aristocracy continued to play an important role to music, it was now possible for composers to survive without being the employee of one person or family. This also meant that concerts were no longer limited to palaces and parties and composers could have their music heard by many more people. Composers started organizing big concerts featuring their own music and would usually attract large audiences. This increasing popularity of the public concert impacted on the growth of the orchestra. Although chamber music and solo works were laded in the home or other intimate settings, orchestral concerts were for big public spaces. As a result, symphonic music became more unrestrained. Composers gradually expanded the size of the orchestra to accommodate this growing musical vision. The classical period changed music forever and its contributions to the musical world were great. This is clearly evident from the fact that many classical compositions are still popular, well known and enjoyed in todays society not just by musicians but also by the general public just as it was so many years ago.

The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product Essay Example

The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product Paper Market Leader A market leader is a brand, product, or a firm that has the largest percentage of total sales in terms of revenue (the market share) of a market. A market leader often dominates all his competitors in areas such as: customer loyalty, distribution coverage, image, perceived value, price, profit, and promotional spending. To be the leader in the market, the company needs to be innovative, agile, revolutionary, obsessive and supportive. Market leader objectives are to continue expanding their total market by finding more new consumers to purchase their product, creating new uses for the current product which they are selling, and to encourage more usage among the current consumers. A market leader should always be equipped with a defense strategy that will help defend against any new threats that might threaten their position as a market leader. Also, another objective to achieve is to keep increase their market share of their product. An example of market leaders are: Coco-Cola (soft drinks), McDonald’s (fast food), Caterpillar (large construction equipment), Kodak (photographic film), Wal-Mart (retailing), and Boeing (aircraft). Market Challenger Market challengers are runner-up companies that aggressively attack competitors to get more market share. A market challenger’s strategic objective is to topple down the current market leader and to take over its place. A market challenger will always strive to attack the current market leader, or other firms that matches its own size, or smaller and local regional competitors in hope to be the leader in the product or service which they are offering. We will write a custom essay sample on The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The 4 Market Position and an Example of a Product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In essence the challenger has three strategic alternatives that are available to the company: (a) a direct or head-on attack using either cost/price/value for money as the key strategic variable; (b) an indirect or flanking approach using product differentiation or promotional activities as a way to win consumer’s preference and loyalty; and (c) a by-pass strategy based upon radical innovation through which the challenger seeks to change existing purchasing behavior in favor of a new solution to basic consumer needs. Such examples are like Adidas attempting to beat Nike or Burger King attempting to challenge McDonald’s position as the market leader. Market Follower Market follower are firms that attempt to use strategies to seek stable market shares and to gain profits by following competitors’ product offers, prices, and also marketing programs. Market followers attempt to create a similar to product that is innovative to be sold at a cheaper price comparing to the company who has that similar product. A market follower has many advantages also. A market follower can learn from the market leader’s experience and copy or improve on the leader’s product and programs, normally with much lesser investment compared with the market leader. One such example would be the recent new colors for the Sony’s Vaio Laptops. Once Sony releases their new color design, Dell later would follow in it and would have their personalized laptop colors which could be chosen when purchasing a laptop from Dell. Niche Market A niche market is often portrait as a focused, targetable portion of a market. By definition, then, a business that focuses on a niche market is addressing the need for a product or service that is not being addressed by the mainstream providers. Niche market can be thought as a narrowly defined group of potential customers. For instance, instead of offering cleaning services, a business might establish a niche market by specializing in blind cleaning services. Why should you bother to establish a niche market? Because of the great advantage of being alone there; other small businesses may not be aware of your particular niche market, and large businesses wont want to bother with it. The trick to capitalizing on a niche market is to find or develop a market niche that has customers who are accessible, that is growing fast enough, and that is not owned by one established vendor already. Niche market’s strategies are often targeted towards smaller markets that large companies won’t bother entering. To remain in business, niche marketers would need to create niches, then expand it and finally protecting them or copyright them. The only risk of a niche market is when a larger firm notices the niche market profit and attempt to enter the market with larger resources and capital. Apple iPod The product that I will talk about will be Apple’s iPod. First, I will list down what are the available products, and then I will discuss about their marketing strategy are they using and at now. The reason for choosing iPod, it is because of their current position in the market now and I have knowledge about it since I owned one. Apple’s iPod is one of the top products in the areas of portable media players. It has managed to stay at the top because of their unique software and design that keep consumers wanting it. Their uniqueness is in Apple’s iTunes software in which it is able to transfer music to the iPod devices. As a jukebox application, iTunes is able to store a music library on the users computer and which can either play, burn and rip music from a CD. It’s also to a lot of files like a PDA. Such files such as photos, videos, games, contact information, E-Mail messages, Web bookmarks, and calendars to iPod models that support those features. Apple focused its development on the iPods unique user interface and its user-friendly interface of use, rather than on technical capability. As of September 2007, the iPod had sold more than 110 million units worldwide making it the best-selling digital audio player series in history. Now lets talk about the iPod. Its doing really well. Theyre rather strong. Teehee. Weve sold over 110m to date and youll notice the place where the sales curve is strongest is during the holiday season today were going to refresh or replace EVERY single product in this lineup to get ready for this holiday season. Currently the iPod has a few selections in line. Currently are on sale, are the iPod shuffle, iPod nano, iPod classic and the brand new iPod touch. The iPod shuffle is a digital audio player that is designed and marketed by the company Apple Inc. The purpose for this model is to create a budget model for Apples iPod family. It was announced at the Macworld Conference Expo on January 11, 2005, using the tagline life is random. This model is a new design as instead of storing data on a hard disk, it has been changed to the first iPod to use a flash memory. The current second generation model weighs at only about 15 grams (or 0. 55 ounces). It was introduced in September 2006 along with the revamped fifth generation iPod classic and second generation iPod nano. Later in 2007, as a preparation for the Christmas holidays of 2007, Apple launched a new color which is red. Now currently, the iPod shuffle has nine colors which are: All nine colors of the second-generation iPod shuffle. The bottom rows are the original colors; the top rows are the refreshed colors. Silver units have been available throughout the life of the second-generation shuffle. The iPod nano is one the four portable media player that is designed and marketed by the company Apple Inc. The iPod nano is designed to be as a midrange model in for Apples iPod family. The first generation of this version was introduced in 2005. It also uses flash memory, just like the iPod shuffle. However, this comes with a miniaturized version of the display screen and has click wheel found on the iPod classic. The model has been updated twice since its introduction. This above version is the 3rd generation iPod nano. This nano was announced in a 4 GB version coming only in silver, and an 8 GB version coming in silver, turquoise, mint green, black and Product Red. Recently, Apple has launched the new pink color. The battery now lasts for approx. 24 hours on audio playback and approx. hours on video playback. Steve Job, Co-founder, CEO of Apple Inc. , showing off the new iPod Nano Its incredibly tiny, this is the new nano, and it’s incredibly thin. Its REALLY nice. Huge applause. Let me show you some bigger pictures of it comes in beautiful colors. So whats the video like? New nano: larger 2-inch screen, its going to look the same as it did on the iPod vi deo, its the same QVGA resolution. Weve achieved this with a screen with the highest pixel density weve ever shipped. The iPod classic is a portable media player that is marketed by the company Apple Inc. This model is the flagship model for Apples iPod family. To this date, there have been six generations of the iPod classic. There was also a spin-off called the iPod photo which was later then re-integrated into the main classic line. All the generations of the iPod classic uses a 1. 8-inch hard drive for storage. The word classic retronym was introduced with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod classic on September 5, 2007. Prior to this, the iPod classics were simply just referred to as iPods. Steve Jobs, Co-founder, CEO of Apple Inc. showing off the new iPod Classic. A little video for everyone, thats what we set out to do with the new nano. We hope you love it as much as we do That brings us to the iPod. The iPod its got a its got a funny name. Its got a funny name. Its time to give it a name: were calling it the iPod Classic because its the original iPod. Ha! Side-by-side view of 6th and 5th generation iPods, respectively, showing interface differences The iPod touch i s both a portable media player and a Wi-Fi mobile platform designed and marketed by the company Apple Inc. The product was officially launched on September 5, 2007 through an event called The Beat Goes On. The iPod touch adds the graphical user interfaces Cover Flow and Multi-Touch to the iPod line and is now available at 8, 16 or 32 GB of flash memory. It also includes Apples Safari web browser and it is the first iPod enabling wireless access to the iTunes Store. Beginning of June 2008, the iPod touch will also have now access to the App Store. The App Store is an upcoming application for the iPhone and iPod touch that is created by Apple Inc. This allows users to browse and purchase applications that were developed for the iPhone SDK The iPod touch has the same multi-0touch interface the iPhone has. Adding new to it is a physical home button off the touch screen. The home screen has a list of buttons for the available applications. All iPod touch models have included with this standard applications: Music, Videos, and Photos (which is collectively duplicating the standard functions of the iPod Classic), iTunes (which providing access to the iTunes Music Store), Safari, YouTube, Calendar, Contacts, Clock, Calculator, and Settings. Later models have been added with Mail (allows to access POP/IMAP/SMTP e-mail), Maps, Stocks, Notes, and Weather, which could also be added to the earlier models with the purchase of a software upgrade. Direct links to web sites can be added to the home screen by the user. Steve Jobs, Co-founder, CEO of Apple Inc. , demonstrating the iPod Touch Let me go ahead and show you the new iPod touch. Again, slide to unlock. Here we are lets go into music. The icons look really strange and sparse on that huge screen. Its freaking us out! Apple’s iPod sales have been increasing over the steady flow of years. Since October 2004, the iPod has been dominating United States digital music player sales. Apple has manage to gain over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year, from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales of Apple iPod caused the U. S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January of 2007 the iPod market share finally reached 72. 7% according to Bloomberg Online. With such sales, it is obvious that Apple’s iPod has become a market leader in portable music players in the United States. If Apple iPod wants to remain as market leader, they would have to continue maintaining their pleasing customers with quick response to any troubleshooting problems, making sure that their products have no problem in a product and even after launch, making sure that the products are quickly dealt with. Apple’s iPods are considered a product innovative. This is because so far no one has managed to fully copy the iPods functions. What makes it such a special product? It is because of their software system. Apple’s software is one of the hardest software to be able to modify. Also Apple has created their own jukebox application where users are able to sync songs, photos and videos unto their iPods. This application is the only way an iPod can receive it songs. Thus by doing that, Apple has managed to not only create own portable media players but also a specialized digital media player application for their iPods only. As Apple is not the first of creator of portable media devices, they have rose up to be the first in the United States because of a visionary leader; Steven Jobs. Apple iPods are called consumer products. Consumer products are products or services that are brought by final consumers for personal consumption. Marketers usually classify these products and services further basing on how consumers go about in buying them. What makes iPods so widely acceptable? It is because of their design and style of the product. This is called Product Style and Design where the style can be eye-catching to a consumer and the design is more of a skin deep concept where this is the very heart of the product. Apple has also decided to co-branding with Nike. Co-branding is the practice of using the established brand names of two different companies on the same product. Co-branding has many advantages. When the two products combine, they create a broader consumer appeal and also greater brand equity. In conclusion of this, Apple has managed to become the market leader in portable media players through various ways. Ways such as being a product innovative, having a visionary leader like Steven Jobs and co-branding with brands such as Nike.

Women In Ywain Essays - Knights Of The Round Table, Stock Characters

Women In Ywain In Chr?tien de Troyes' Ywain, women represent the moral virtue and arch of all mid-evil civilization. Women of this time had to be an object of love, which meant they had to have beauty, goodness, and be truthful. They had to be a representative of all chivalrous ideals. They also act as civilizing influences throughout the story. Women are put in the story to give men a reason for acting brave and noble. Men become knights in order to demonstrate to women that they are strong and capable of defending themselves against danger. This, they hope, will win the women's heart. In mid-evil times, the first-born son of a landowner is entitled to his father's estate, while other sons and daughters are not given anything. Knights are usually not the first-born son, and thusly do not receive any grants of land from their father. If a landowner only has a daughter, she becomes an heiress, and inherits her fathers land but has to find a husband to take over this land. A knight's dream is to marry a wealthy heiress, and become a landowner. People become knights in order to battle other knights, to show their courage, and win the respect of these heiresses, so they will be able to gain an estate of their own and move up the social scale. Chr?tien tells a story that would entertain the desires of knights and give the hope that they to would be able to find a damsel just like Ywain did. Early in the story, Ywain battles and defeats a knight, who, mortally wounded, flees to his castle. Ywain pursues him, but upon reaching the castle, he is trapped by the portcullis, which crashes down upon him, killing his horse. He is rescued by Lunette, the companion of the dead knight's wife. He then falls in love with the grieving widow of the knight, Alundyne, whom he has just slain; subsequently, he marries her and becomes the protector of her property. In doing this, Ywain has just done what every knight dreams of, marring a wealthy damsel and taking over her land. Women in the story all seem to be described as beautiful, which leads me believe that this was indeed written to attract the attention of knights and make them think that they too could find themselves a gorgeous damsel to marry. Lunete is described as a handsome brunette, very discreet, shrewd, and intelligent. Another example of this is when many of Arthur's knights are joined by some ninety ladies, each of who are handsome, well-mannered, noble, sophisticated, prudent, and wise, persons of high lineage. So, part of a woman's role in the story is to be an object of love, and representative of the chivalrous ideals, which all Knights believe in. Women in this story act as civilizing influences, which lead, guide and calm those they talk to. Ywain is considered a great knight who is always looking for adventure, and not always acting properly. He is portrayed as arrogant, the type of person who would do anything to become the perfect knight, no matter what the cost. Then he meets a woman he loves and gets married. Alundyne brings about a change in Ywain that makes him realize he does not have to be a perfect knight and he learns to act properly. Ywain acts uncivilized when his wife leaves him for breaking his vow to her, and seems to go crazy. He runs into the woods and reverts back to primitiveness by stripping naked and staying in the forest. He seems to lose his mind, when his woman leaves him. The Queen's servant, a woman, finds him there and anoints him. She brings about a calming influence on Ywain, that apparently brings him back to a sane state of mind, making him act much more civilized. Chr?tien was writing this story to entice the imaginations of his audience, and his main audience was probably knights. He depicts women as a civilizing influence that will calm them down and allow them to become landowners. Marrying an heiress, as Alundyne is, would give them property and raise their social class. This too is a civilizing influence since they would

Religious Social Education Coursework Christianity Essay Example

Religious Social Education Coursework Christianity Essay Example Religious Social Education Coursework Christianity Essay Religious Social Education Coursework Christianity Essay I visited Socketts Heath Baptist Church in Grays; it was originally Clarence Road Baptist Church in 1893. Then in 1933, the church was moved to its present location on Premier Avenue.The main parts of the interior of a church are:Pews: the pews in the church are used to seat the Christians who attend Church. Near the back of main assembly hall are some chairs just in case extra seating space is required. Before the 15th Century the sick and the old were the only people allowed to sit down on the Pews, whilst all the other people would have had to stand. In the 17th century pews were boxed in, and furnished with padded seats and hat pegs. The church I am studying has pews.The Cross-: Directly above the Communion Table is a cross. The symbol of a cross is symbolic of the cross that Jesus was nailed to.The Communion Table: The communion table is a major article within the church. Bread, wine and the Bible are the main objects, which are placed on the communion table. The communion table is placed at the front of the church so the entire congress can see it. The vicar also performs services there. However, at certain times of the year such as Christmas, the people walk down the aisle to the Alter where they receive the bread and wine from the Vicar. A table is used because in Luke chapter 22 verse 14 it states, when the time came, Jesus took His place at the table.Communion is often called The Breaking Of The Bread or The Lords Supper. The reason it is known as either these two because Jesus performed these actions before he died.In Luke chapter 22 verses 17-20 describe how Jesus first gave communion with his disciples, Then Jesus took some bread, gave thanks, broke it and gave it to the apostles saying This is my body, which I am giving for you do this to remember me. In the same way, after supper, Jesus took the cup and said, This cup is the new agreement that God makes with his people. This new agreement begins with my blood, which is poured out for youPulpit: B eginning in about the 9th century two desks called ambos were provided in Christian churches one for reading from the Gospels and the other for reading from the letters. The former, which became increasingly ornate, was the forerunner of the Pulpit. By the 13th century what could be called modern pulpits were being installed in Italian churches. The alter is traditionally at the east end of the Church. Often it is erected against a pillar and sometimes upon a short, freestanding base or slender column. Usually hexagonal or octagonal in form, it is serving as a decorative sounding board. English pulpits often gave two or three stories, with the lowest for a clerk, the middle one for a reading desk, and the third for the preaching of the sermon. There are also external, outdoor pulpits that are entered from within the church.Baptistery Pool: A Baptistery pool is only found inside Baptist churches only. It is believed that baptism was the door to the church. People are only baptised w hen they feel that they are ready to commit themselves to Christ. This is can be at any age, but sometimes the parents of a child will have their children baptised when they are young, the problem with this is that the child does not understand what is happening to them. At Grays Baptist Tabernacle there is a large baptistery pool, which is hidden. The Baptist pool is at the front of congregation so everyone can see the person being baptised. Jesus told his disciples in Matthew chapter 28 verse 19 So go and make followers of all the people in the world. Baptise them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.Lectern: The Lectern is a reading desk to hold the Bible open. It is normally made out of wood or brass. Occasionally the Lectern is shaped like an eagle because this is a reminder to the people of Isaiah chapter 40 verse 31 in the Old Testament who said that those who hope in the Lord will soar like an eagle. In high-church services the priest gives the gospel re ading in each service from the middle of the congregation but the other readings are given from the Lectern. At Grays Baptist Tabernacle the Lectern is found at the front of the congregation in front of the Communion table.The Bible: The Bible is a collection of Holy Scriptures, which members of that faith accept as authoritative. The Bible is often referred to as the Canon of scriptures. At Grays Baptist Tabernacle the Bible is always left open on the lectern.Stain Glass Windows: Stain glass windows are often found in historical and modern churches. Stained glass windows originally told Biblical stories; nowadays they are mainly pictures of Jesus, May, Saints and any other important Christian figures.Section BAll these features in the church help with worship in one form or another. I need to find out how they assist belief to do that I will write about every item listed in section A, plus I will ask 3 people to answer a questionnaire that I have created.The Cross-: The cross is th e main symbol for Christianity. A cross, in some shape or form, is likely to be found in a vast majority of church. The crucifix is a cross, which carries the figure of a dying Jesus. This symbolises the sufferings of Jesus by which Christians believe they are forgiven. Towards the end of Holy Week, the crucifixes is empty to indicate the Christian belief that Jesus is no longer on the cross but risen from the dead. In the church, the cross is used for people to concentrate on the death of Jesus. At Grays Baptist Tabernacle the cross is empty all year round to show that Jesus is alive.Communion Table: The communion table is where the bread and wine are placed for Communion. The table is laid to remind the church of the Last Supper as Jesus commanded his disciples. In some Christian churches, Holy Communion, or the Eucharist is the most important act of worship in which they take part. Holy Communion means Holy Sharing and refers to the service in which Christians share bread and win e with each other, and with God. As they do so they also share spiritually in the death of Jesus on the cross. Matthew chapter 26 verses 26-28 these words form the basis of Holy Communion today.Chalice: The Chalice is used during communion. After the priest blesses it, he hands them the chalice containing the wine. He says, The blood of Christ. The person replies each time Amen. The bread and wine are no more than just symbols and they remain so throughout the service unlike the High Church or the Catholic point of view.Baptistery Pool: The baptistery pool is used for adult and infant baptism. Parents who bring their child for a baptism believe that this ceremony marks the spiritual rebirth of their child as others renounce evil and repent on its behalf. Adult baptisms are mainly the same as child baptisms except the person chooses that he/she agree to the ways and the beliefs of Christ.Lectern: the lectern gives a special and respectful place for the Bible in the church, which eve ry member is familiar with. The lectern is used during the readings of passages from the Bible. It is shaped so that the Bible will not drop when reading; it is likely to cause a distraction during the service if the Bible is dropped. The Bible can be opened at the appropriate page and left on the lectern before the meeting so there is no time loss in finding the verses.The Bible: The Bible is the Holy Scripture, which is written to help the congregation understand the word of God. The Bible is very valuable to Christians, since it carries instructions given by the Lord. The Bible contains Gods authority on all aspects of belief and behaviour. In 2 Timothy chapter 3 verses 16-17 say All Scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teachings the truth, rebuking error, correcting faults, and giving instructions for right living so that the person who serves God may be fully qualified and equipped to do every kind of good deed.Most church denominations believe that it is important to use quotes from the Bible when speaking to the people. Passages from the Bible are read in almost all Christian services as well as being used in sermons. Lay-people as well as the clergy can give these. During some services and sermons the priest takes one of the Bible passages which has been read earlier in the service and explains both its meaning and its teaching for Christian life today.Members of the congregation usually read the readings from the Old Testament. The reading from the Gospels, however, is usually read by the vicar to show its importance. The reason why the Gospels are treated differently is that they contain the only record of the birth, life, teaching, death and resurrection of Jesus. They are the foundation of the Christian faith. It is thought the other readings do not carry the authority or the importance, which is, attached to readings from the Gospel.Conclusion: In section B, I have tried to show how all the furnishings and fittings are used in Church lif e and how they relate to different Church festivals e.g. Christmas and Easter.Section 3In this part of my project I am going to be discussing whether I think that for a Christian, worship at home more important than worship at church?In todays world, when someone is speaking about church, most people think of it as a building. However church is not just a building but it is the congregation as well.In the New Testament, Acts 2 verse 41-47 it talks about the group of believers that became the new church. This shows that the most important part of the church is the people. In Greek Church means a gathering of people. Therefore, it does not really matter there you are or when you worship God. Some people believe that it is possible to worship God within your own home, in just the same way as you would in a Church, but the Bible says it is important to meet together. In the Old testament God told his people to remember the Sabbath and keep it Holy. In the New Testament, the church was t old not to give up the habit of meeting together. However, Paul says in 1 Corinthians 11 verse 17 that the meetings for worship actually do more harm than good. This is because some were being greedy and getting drunk.For a Christian, worship includes singing, prayer, preaching and Holy Communion. When you are taking communion, the priest or vicar blesses the bread and the wine and then gives it for you to consume. If you are worshiping at home you cannot do this but this does not stop you thinking about the Lord and Jesus. In spite of this some Christians do not believe you have to have a special person to bless the bread and the wine and therefore, they will take it at home with others.Additionally in a church you have more furnishings and features to help assist you worshipping God. For example, you might have an organ or other instruments to aid you whilst you are singing. I believe that it helps and encourages the congregation when there are a lot of people singing. It is also a good place for new songs to be easily introduced and so it keeps people interestedWhen people are worshipping in churches they are sometimes filled with the Holy Spirit or this is also known as the baptism of the Spirit. One of the gifts is to speak in a language known as tongues. Another is the power to heal the sick.Some people may prefer to worship in the comfort of their own home. This might be because they feel more comfortable. Today, most people have a television and so they can watch religious programmes designed to help them worship. If they were at Church they might also be embarrassed about singing and worshipping in front of everyone, but if they were at home alone they probably would not get so embarrassed. But in Psalm 149 it says sing to the Lord a new song, his praise in the assembly of the saints. Which says that you should praise God with other people and in Psalm 150 it says Praise God in his sanctuary which also means praise God in church.In a church, you usual ly get someone who preaches and tries to teach you about Christian life. At home, there is not a preacher and so you do not learn about as much about God and Christian way of loge as you do when you go to church. However, you could get books and tapes from the local Christian bookshop or over the Internet that would help you study the Bible.In conclusion, I think that you can worship in your own home but worshipping in a Church is more effective because you are around other Christians and you can talk to them about subjects, which help you worship God. I believe it is better to worship in church because you can talk about how you feel; an example of this is when someone feels upset and unhappy. They might have suffered a death in the family, enjoyed and perhaps receive prayer or help.

What is community work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What is community work - Essay Example In community work a set of values are used along with related techniques, skills and approaches. The values are to do with justice, democracy, respect, love, empowering, and â€Å"getting a better deal† for people who are in some way disadvantaged. The techniques include establishing relationships with such people, understanding how they see the world, finding ways to assist them to help themselves, and taking action to help them (Twelvetrees, 2001: 9). The term â€Å"community development† which is often synonymous with â€Å"community work† was adopted by many U.K. workers for projects that focused on local neighbourhood groups to set and meet their own needs, according to Smith (2006: infed web site). Community workers may be politically motivated from a socialist or feminist analysis of society, as in Britain during the 1970s and 1980s. On the other hand they may have simpler values such as concern about making the existing system work better for the poor, or intention to do some good in the world, states Twelvetrees (2001: 9). State-sponsored community work remains as a combination of care, economic development and service delivery improvement work, that developed during the 1980s and 1990s. Concern to cultivate community participation and local group life in England and Wales were translated into action by churches and religious groups (Smith, 2006: infed). Whatever their values, goals and existing skills, community workers must be prepared to learn new approaches, and utilize them in different circumstances to make community work more strategic, long-term and integral to the organizations that deliver it (Twelvetrees, 2001: 10-11). In the practice of community work, certain models are put to use, for achieving sustainable outcomes. Examples are: community action, community care, community development, community planning,

HRM practice in USA and Russia Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRM practice in USA and Russia - Coursework Example Culture plays a significant role in terms of designing human resource management practice. HRM practice in Russia is highly distinct from that of USA. Socio-political nature and cultural context are different in these countries. This study shall be divided into two segments. In first part human resource management practices in Russia and USA will be analyzed and the second part shall deal with influencing factors affecting human resource management practice. Human resource management practice in United States is unique since the country focuses on acquiring talented individuals on board. The recruitment system which is implemented by the country is neither position based nor career based. Direct application procedure is utilized while recruiting for public sector. External applicants can easily apply for different organizational positions. In context of recruitment, no diversity policies are encouraged but more preference is given specifically to military veterans. Incentives or bonuses are formulated by agencies whereas pay-scale is structured by the government. Employment cost index is responsible for calculating base salary and there is no negotiation encouraged at collective or individual level. Salary level is adjusted on basis of seniority positions. Promotions at all possible staff level is on basis of qualifications. Performance appraisal scheme or experience is not considered to be vital factors when it comes to promotion (Paau we, 2004). Job postings are available to all employees and HR department or assessment centres are solely responsible for selection of applicants. Hierarchical grades are not taken into consideration while giving promotions. Coaching sessions are also hosted for promotion of disabled, women or other minority section. Internal mobility level is stable within United States. Training programs are organized for all team members

Anlysis of the Lincoln Electric Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anlysis of the Lincoln Electric Company - Essay Example The availability and prices for raw materials are subject to volatility and are affected by global economic conditions, speculative action, world supply and demand balances, inventory levels, availability of substitute materials, currency exchange rates, anticipated shortages and other factors. Other economic factors include exchange rate fluctuations and limits on the repatriation of monies (The Lincoln Electric Company online). Sociological factors affecting the industry include the absence of trained labor pools as young skilled labor pursue cleaner and safer jobs (Brat, 2006). On the technological front, increasing power ratings and continued improvements in beam quality and processes, such as remote welding, are expected to increase revenues. Advances in solid-state laser technology, including disc lasers and fiber lasers, are expected to foster growth trends (Frost & Sullivan online). In the environmental environment, the industry increasingly faces complicated environmental re gulations including those concerning air and water emissions and waste management. Lastly, factors in the legal environment that could affect the cutting and welding industry are lawsuits pressed by plaintiffs who develop neurological conditions caused by exposure to manganese contained in welding consumables. This industry also faces risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that accidents or failures on projects result in bodily injury or property damage. Also, this industry is required to comply with a wide variety of conflicting foreign laws and regulations, import and export limitations, and exchange controls (The Lincoln Electric Company online). The intensity of rivalry in the cutting and welding industry is high. Lincoln Electric operates in a highly competitive global environment and competes with other broad line manufacturers and numerous smaller competitors specializing in particular products. Moreover, in the past decade, the United States arc welding industry faced fiercer foreign competition as low cost imports became more readily available. This foreign competition intensifies as the U.S. dollar depreciates in relation to other currencies. Suppliers have high bargaining power. The main raw material used in the cutting and welding industry is steel. Since 2003, the price of steel has increased substantially and there have been periodic shortages due to worldwide economic factors, including increased demand for construction materials in developing nations such as China and India. Customers have high bargaining power. The customers of the cutting and welding industry are the manufacturing and industrial sectors (The Li ncoln Electric Company online). The cutting and welding industry is fragmented and faces a consolidating end-user base. The barriers to entry are high. Rising labor costs and the decrease in the number of skilled welders together with the increased demand for high-precision welding is set to drive the adoption of welding robots. A sizeable capital investment is required to install automated equipment (Frost & Sullivan online). The threat of substitutes is low. Welding is still the dominant method of joining metals today (Lab Safety Supply online; The Lincoln Electric Company online). Lincoln Electric has a culture of innovation, technological leadership, and employee focus, which are also its strengths. Recognized as the "welding experts", Lincoln Electric provides leading technology

Review Of Im Nobody! Who Are You?

Review Of Im Nobody! Who Are You? Thesis Statement: Emily Dickinson poem, Im Nobody! Who Are You?, is successful on influencing readers that the best ideas can come from nothing. Introduction: I chose this as one of the famous poets known poem, which is found at Chapter 10.1, entitled: The Speaker (Persona) in a Poem. It can also be found from Thomas H. Johnsons (1960) Book of Complete Poems as its 288th entry: Im Nobody! Who are you? Are you- Nobody-Too? Then theres a pair of us! Dont tell! theyd advertise, you know. - How dreary-to be- Somebody! How public-like a frog- To tell ones name- the livelong June- To an admiring bog! What about the poems form, language, content, or other dimension do you find engaging?: I find engaging its genre of lyrical form, English language using informal diction and bearing a very good rhyme scheme (o sound in lines 1 and 2 with g in 6 and 8) with 2 stanzas. The theme shows how one can find the identity of self and gather the best ideas can come from only doing nothing. It uses the simile and metaphor figure of speeches, because it was able to compare or equate unlike things in similarity (Nobody vs Famous persons) and used the word like in line 6 in the second stanza. Moreover, to dissect the poem, when the word they was mentioned in line 4, wherein the poet was pertaining to famous people or any person situated in high levels the of society (Essay on Emily dickinson i am nobody! who are you? para. 1). With a very short content of only 8 lines, Dickinson was able to quickly reach out to others who would want to have the same privacy she experienced and also gain fruitful o utcomes from this choice. Doing this is actually not seen as usual in famous persons or high level situated bodies. How does the poems use of language compare to that of everyday speech?: I can say that in terms of both modern and classic writing on poetry, it still uses informal diction, though there certainly will be a difference in the use of words if one can write it today. To site a modern view on Dickinsons way of writing in the Im Nobody! Who Are You? poem, Jessica Writes (2007) wrote an online essay saying that, it is evident here that she is referring to a friend that she had relationships kept in private, but were foretold mostly by her corresponding letters. Indeed she is successful in her field. Wherein, she was productive during times she was alone, nursing the gardens inside their yard, writing poetry and reading. Since, she preferred to be named as an anonymous poet to her poems; it shows a personal assessment as A Nobody in the society, being a direct reflection of ideals as a non-conformist to the society. Its psychological nature are greatly affecting to people and objects geared towards seeing themselves in this way in life. With todays social pressures, even the smallest poem can help. Back in the old days, wherein classic literature are given birth to, renaissance and revolutions are greatly affected with writers who seek for a new beginning and freedom thru their writing skills. How do the differences and/or similarities between speech and poetic form affect your experience of the poem?: Domhnall Mitchell (2000), a very good critic of literature, mentioned in his book, that the poem Im Nobody! Who Are You? is a form of confessional poetry. Wherein, I agree with this thought. That is why it uses the simile and metaphor figure of speeches, because it was able to compare or equate unlike things in similarity, which is the Dickinson and akin others being the Nobody type of persons judged against the Famous type of persons (who would not likely to favor practices of a Nobody.) At first, a reader would have taught that Dickinson was talking about herself, but there is a quick turn of mood when the poem becomes about the reader. I find this interesting. This can be seen after the 1 line was said, which is a statement about Dickinsons poetic self, and then there is a following string of questions pertaining to the readers own selves. Lastly, the poems 2 immediate co ncerns are: the readers asking who we are, as well as the how is the relationship existing between the reader and the poet (pp. 157-158). Do these differences and/or similarities influence how you think or feel about the subject matter of the poem?: In terms of familiarity, I can say that this poem is reflective of Dickinsons life and not the persons she sites in her poem. It is more personal in nature. For instance, Arthur Versluis (2001), another very good critic of literature in history, mentioned the opinion of John Cody, in his own book, that her works are pronouncing of her madness as a result. That is why the poem, Im Nobody! Who Are You?, has certain negativity touch on it. It was also quoted, one will inevitably misunderstand and trivialize much of Emily Dickinsons life and poetry if one fails to grasp the full intensity of her suffering and the magnitude of her collapse. For this reason let me state at the onset my thesis that the crisis Emily Dickinson suffered following the marriage of her brother was a psychosis (p. 175). Conclusion: Yes, I agree that the best ideas can come from nothing. You can occupy your time with writing poetries like what Emily Dickinson is known for during her time. Yet, even if one decides a secluded life, society will hunt. Dickinsons writes in such a way that she dictates and forces the readers mind to think the same and view society like her opinion. The advantage I can see here is that it is leading to a self-evaluation and growth in uniqueness as individuals. On the other hand, a disadvantage of her way of writing (as well as thinking) is that it fails to show the right personality for an individual. When, maturity takes place, when one knows his or her purpose in life, then the best ideas can come in, one can make fruitful outcomes and one can reach success. Even the quietest moments or disturbing scenes takes self-confidence and trust, a parallel thought to both being a Nobody and a Famous person.

Love and Hatred of a not so different kind :: essays research papers

Tossed into the lockers Michael slides to the linoleum in pain. Not so much in his body, but in his heart. Foot, boots, shoes, all a blur jab into his stomach and groin, causing bright flashes to erupt in his head. His towel, ripped from around his body, he lay there naked. Vulnerability and shame paint his face along with silent tears that refuse to give his nemesis the satisfaction that they want. Closing his eyes he comes to the realization that no one will rescue him from his torment. Everyone in the locker room is involved. Fellow peers he had once known, shared confidences with, participated in the beating or stood watching from each side of him, cheering on Michael's attackers. Leaving their friend to suffer the blows. Michael looks up. Each boy stares evilly at him, hatred pouring from their eyes and dripping on to him, burning him, scolding his tender flesh. The words, more powerful then any knives and guns they could've used. Fag, queer, and other names are hurled at him like stones. How the others had found out he was gay was beyond his knowledge. He had been so secretive and eluded all the so-called gestures and behavior that would have made him the target of others, yet they had found out his secret. Nothing hurt him more then the words. Being deaf would have been easier than to face this. He longed for Travis, his boyfriend, to be here with him then the barrage of blows. I'm glad he's not here to witness this, he thinks to himself, giving him joy and satisfaction in a time like this. Saying a prayer to God he relaxes, preparing to be taken soon by His arms to a place far away from here, a place where he could be himself and not pretend anymore. Letting go would be so easy. Then I can finally rest. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the beating was over. Unbelieving he looked up into the eyes of his attackers, begging them silently. "You fag. We don't like your kind here." The boy pulled Michael to his feet, supporting him for he could no longer do it himself. His icy blue eyes pierced into Michael's soul. "Don't ever let me catch you in here. You need to go into the girl's locker room you queer. I don't want you looking at us.

Disabled Monologue

Disabled Monologue Setting: [Fruit Man walks to the center of the stage] Fruit Man:I remember the day he left and the day he returned. Crowds cheered him off but only a few welcomed him home. The fact was that nobody had cared enough to go out of their way to see the negative aspects of the war they once had encouraged. I saw them return, one by one, leaving the ships, almost all of them broken in a way, physically or mentally. They deserved thanks, so I gave them fruits, an action that would mean little when they left, but means the world to them now.This soldier, I was there as he went and came, and I have seen everything. Today, unlike a year ago, no big welcome home for them. They were not welcomed home as they had expected they would be. Thousands came to send them off and cheer them on. Soldiers happily marching down the streets, waving to cheering crowds, accepting flowers from pretty girls. Some cheeky soldiers may even steal a kiss here and there. It was so joyous, proud and honourable. Everything was rosy and good. Everyone thought it would be a short war and a happy one and of course we will win.No one gave a thought about anyone getting hurt or killed. He had once been so young and virile. Now he is crippled, unattractive. He had been foolish when he was young; the media persuaded him that the war was glorious, fun and glamorous. It was cool wearing an army uniform and carrying a rifle. It was exciting, an adventure and maybe returning a hero with a medal. AAH, the pretty girls and the kisses, the good things to come. The young soldier isn’t thinking about getting hurt or killed. Then, the reality! It is wrong that society does not appreciate the hardships and sacrifices that were made on their behalf.Almost none of the soldiers’ work was grand, glorious or fun. Their work was necessary. Most of this work goes against what we cherish in our society. We were taught that ‘life is valuable’ and ‘violence is bad’. This war, a war nobody wants. He was such a handsome man, a ladies man before he joined the army. Now, broken, haggard and older than his real age. No women will look twice at him. They much prefer healthy ones. Heroes are strong and big. Heroes do not get injured. Girls do not want to be with cripples. How he must hate this.He used to get so much attention from the girls. What a hopeless life. He does not want pity or disgust. He wants admiration and love. Memories can be so cruel. It is quite depressing to see that he will be sent to an army hospital. I am sure experiments after experiments will be done trying to fix him until they decide that they are nothing they can do for him. He will be discharged and live alone on government handouts. What a terrible life lies ahead. He will be alone, helpless and he will never experience the love of a woman or have a family. The poor man, how much he has LOST.

The Uses of The

The Uses of The The Uses of â€Å"The† The Uses of â€Å"The† By Maeve Maddox A reader has a question about the use of the definite article the: I have been searching without success for a good and thorough explanation of how and when to use the. I have an Iranian friend, and his English is excellent, save for his use of the. Neither he nor I have been able to find anything that clearly and comprehensively explains all of the different uses. Any suggestions? I doubt any source can be found that explains â€Å"all of the different uses of the clearly and comprehensively.† One researcher has called the English article system a psychomechanism, â€Å"a system through which native speakers use articles correctly but unconsciously.† The misuse of the does not impede communication, but it is a clue that an email purporting to be from an English-speaking friend supposedly stranded in a foreign country is a scam. The only suggestion I can offer about the use of the is that the secret lies in the concepts of definiteness and countability. Definiteness A noun has â€Å"definiteness† when there is something unique or specific about it. Here are some examples: The sun was worshipped by the ancient Aztecs. (In this context, sun is uncountable) The driver found an injured cat. He took the cat to an animal clinic. (First it’s â€Å"a cat,† one among many. Once mentioned, it’s â€Å"the cat,† the specific cat that was picked up by the motorist.) She’s waiting for the bus. (In this context, â€Å"the bus† is a service.) Other examples: We took the train to Chicago. I prefer the telephone to email. The Salvation Army feeds the hungry and ministers to the poor. (The is used with adjectives that are used as nouns to denote a group.) Countability Nouns are said to be countable or uncountable. Other terms are count nouns and noncount nouns. Because countable nouns can be counted, they have a singular and a plural form: one cat, two cats. The difficulty with this category is that some nouns can be both countable and uncountable, depending on context. Compare: Major crops are cotton and rice. Fido takes the cotton out of all his toys. You prepare the salad and I’ll cook the rice. I don’t much care for coffee. They ordered three coffees and a tea. Here, you take the coffee. I don’t want it. His brother is still looking for work. She quit her job because she didn’t like the work. ESL speakers struggling with the uses of the will benefit from the use of a dictionary designed for them. Regular dictionaries don’t always categorize nouns as to count and noncount, but beginners’ dictionaries do. Nouns that are usually noncount can be learned according to certain categories. For example: Agricultural crops: coffee, rice, sugar, etc. Natural phenomena: rain, snow, gravity, etc. Liquids: water, wine, blood, etc. Abstractions: honesty, courage, intelligence, etc. The British Council site offers a thorough discussion of the uses of the. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Homogeneous vs. HeterogeneousUsing Writing Bursts to Generate Ideas and Enthusiasm

Analytical Paper

Analytical Paper APN is a diversified media company that engages in activities such as newspaper publishing, radio broadcasting, and outdoor advertising. The company is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.For fiscal 2004, APN generated revenues of AU$1.3 billion ($979.0 million), a 12.2% increase over the previous year's revenues of AU$1.1 billion ($872.2 million). The company reported a net profit of AU$128.3million ($97.9 million) in 2004, representing a 24% increase over 2003's net profit of AU$103.5 million ($79.0 million).Business DescriptionAPN is a diversified media company. It operates in three segments: publishing, radio, and outdoor advertising.The company publishes around 24 daily and over 90 non-daily newspapers throughout Australia and New Zealand. In Australia, it serves the regions of Queensland and northern New South Wales. In New Zealand, APN operates the New Zealand Herald, which has a daily readership of 603,000 people aged over 15, as well as a number of regional and community news papers and mass-market magazines.English: Anika Moa in Invercargill,NZ - 19 March 2...APN also operates printing businesses, as well as a security plastics company.APN's radio broadcasting activities consist of investments in around 12 metropolitan radio stations in Australia and 105 radio stations in New Zealand. It manages a joint venture, the Australian Radio Network (ARN), with Clear Channel Communications, a radio broadcaster in the US.APN operates outdoor advertising categories such as posters, street furniture, transit, and supersites. It also runs outdoor businesses in New Zealand, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The company's major outdoor businesses include Transit, Supersites, Rainbow, Kurnia, and Street Furniture.AnalysisAPN has links back to the pioneer newspaper families that brought a free press to the developing parts of Australia in the 1850s. These families consolidated their printing interests in 1968 to form Provincial Newspapers.In 1988, the company was acqu ired by Independent Newspapers of Ireland and changed its...

Case in Marketing Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

In Marketing - Case Study Example Over the years, it has extended its business in each and every subcontinent. It has been observed that Danone has around 90,000 employees throughout the world and it has operated its business in 120 countries in three core segments. Apart from dairy products, it has biscuits and beverages amid its offerings of globally renowned products (Danone,†Our Mission†). According to research, it has been found that the organisation has used a few pertinent strategies to ensure a significant command on the global market. Throughout the last century, it has operated its marketing activities in a competitive global marketplace. Apart from core segment including food and beverages, Danone has found competition from Nestle, Pepsi and Coca-Cola among others. In order to compete with the concurrent leading players, it has upheld quality as a prime factor in its offerings. With these considerations, the study intends to critically evaluate a key issue faced by the Danone Company in its operations in the past few years. Subsequently, in keeping with the analysis made regarding the issue faced by the company certain prudent recommendations or solution will be offered to ensure that the issue does not linger on and create even severe hurdles for the company in the near future. During the phase of 1990s, Danone had emerged as one of the world’s leading and renowned food companies. It had taken 40 years of time to achieve that peak in the global market. However, before that phase Danone had failed to capture the China market during the initial entrance. It had faced several difficulties during that stage. In this regard, it is determined that Danone has been significantly reliant on the supply of baby milk from the New Zealand exporter of wholesale daily products namely Fonterra. Unfortunately, during 2013, a warning related to bacterial infection was provided by

Auditor scepticism is an increasing concern for the profession and Essay

Auditor scepticism is an increasing concern for the profession and stakeholders of UK Companies - Essay Example Despite of that, some companies still comes up with unreal data and manages to evade tax. According to reports, the major reason behind this phenomenon is the reduced scepticism level among the auditors. In UK, due to reduced scepticism among the auditors, stakeholders are finding it difficult to make proper decision pertaining to investment. As before investing, it is essential for the stakeholders to have confidence in the companies where they are investing. Therefore to get deep insights about the issue, the report will emphasize on how auditor scepticism is becoming a cause of concern for the stakeholders of the companies based on UK. In addition the report will also cover the areas associated with auditor scepticism. Finally based on the findings of the study, a conclusion will be drawn and recommendations regarding how auditor’s scepticism can be improved will be made. Auditor scepticism can be defined as the level of cynicism that an auditor needs to employ while conducting an audit. The notion became prominent in recent times when issues such as banking crisis came in the limelight. The regulatory authorities have raised question on the auditing firms on whether they demonstrated the level of scepticism needed to carry out an audit (Kan, 2007). Similarly in UK, the stakeholders of the companies are getting increasingly concerned about the low level of scepticism among the auditors. In addition to this, the auditing profession is also getting negatively impacted. According to auditing standards (ISA 200) professional scepticism is defined as an attitude that includes a questioning mind, being alert to conditions which may indicate possible misstatement due to error or fraud, and a critical assessment of audit evidence (PCAOB, 2010). Based on this definition, it can be identified that scepticism has high influence on the scope of the work. In addit ion, it also help the auditor’s to analyse the findings of audit thereby concluding whether appropriate evidences has been acquired for proving whether accounts are depicting true and fair view. There is a belief about the fact that a sceptical mind set and attitude is essential for an audit to be rigorous and carried out with a professional care. Scepticism is also important as it plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of an audit. On the other hand too much scepticism negatively impacts the audit process. Hence a right balance of scepticism is necessary for an audit. However there is no predefined or standard degree of scepticism required to put into practice (Financial Reporting Council, 2010). The principal objective an audit is to enable that the auditors provide an outlook on the financial statements. The purpose is also to provide reasonable declaration that the

How does themed hotels affect the tourism industry Lab Report

How does themed hotels affect the tourism industry - Lab Report Example In case of the local tourists visiting the hotels for their services, the choice of themes to be used should not be of the local culture. It has to be something new since they are used to whatever is in the locality. 7 To sum up the discussion section of this research study, it should be noted that management of any business enterprise is very vital. These hotels if well managed will not only benefit the owners but also the nation in which a given hotel is found. This is through earning the nation foreign exchange, which in turn helps in sky rocketing the country’s economy. This will end up improving the living standards of the citizens. 7 Conclusion/Recommendations 8 References 10 Abstract The main purpose behind conducting this study was to investigate the effect of themed hotels on the tourism industry. The researcher mainly collected information from secondary sources to make the analyses, recommendations and conclusion of this report. The findings of the study outline how the tourism industry is influenced by the type of hotel in question. At the end of it, there are some recommendations, which if put in action, can propel the industry to rise higher and higher. Introduction A hotel can be termed as a commercial place where people, especially travelers and tourists buy meals, pay for accommodation services. A theme on the other hand, despite the various meanings the word bears, in the context of this report, it refers to the hotels having artistic decorations. These decorations can be in form of paintings on the wall that result in to a recurring pattern making the place look more attractive than in the case of ordinary hotels. Another word we need to be familiar with before proceeding with the report is tourism. The definition of the word Tourism can be that it is an activity carried out by either one person or a group of persons. This is usually as a result of people moving from one place to another. It can be from one country to another with the aim of performing a given task or just for the sake of entertainment. This report deals with the facts, discussions, conclusions and recommendations relating to the effect of themed hotels on the tourist industry. As outlined by http://www.unusualhotelsoftheworld.com; Unusual & Unique Hotels of the World, there are various themed hotels worldwide examples being Reino Fungi Lodge and Nothofagus Hotel and Spa ( both located at the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserver), Magic Mountain Hotel situated in the midst of Chilean Patagonian Rainforest, The Pavillion – London in the United Kingdom and many others. Facts/Findings Themed hotels bearing some sort of uniqueness are slightly costly. Though some tourists shy away, a good number of them being the local tourists, the number is incomparable to those who visit the places or else it could be useless to carry on with the business. In the course of this research study, it was evident that these hotels have a notable impact on the tourism industry. Firstly, due to the unique motif they bear in their establishment starting from the decor, dining and the personnel. This is as according to www.wisegreek.com; (What is a themed Hotel?) The choice of the theme to be used should typically connote every little detail be it in the hotel where the visitors get their meals from, the rooms in which

The Joy Luck Club Essay Example for Free

The Joy Luck Club Essay The Joy Luck Club is a story of a monthly mah-jong gathering whose members consists of four Chinese mothers with American-born daughters. The novel is narrated by the four mothers and their daughters. At these meetings, the mothers share their concern of the growing rift between their daughters and Chinese customs. Each mother shares her story of her life in China and each daughter tells her story about her life in America. In The Joy Luck Club, the consistent conflict is formulated from the cultural and ideological clash between the mothers and daughters. Tensions arise out of the struggle to adapt to the American way of life when old customs are expected to be honored. Communications between both sides are limited, and from this, they all struggle with the expectations that they have for each other. Amy Tans novel provides the reader the perspectives from two vastly different worlds the conflicts the mothers faced and how the Chinese values conflict with American values in the lives of the daughters. In Amy Tans novel, the mother is shown struggling with adapting to the American way of life, while the daughters try and honor the old Chinese customs. The mothers constantly criticize their daughters and always expect their daughters to respect and honor their choice. The mothers relate their past to their daughter, so that they may realize the struggle they had faced. The mothers wish for the daughter to live a better life than the one she had back in China is revealed in the conversation between the Chinese woman and her swan on her journey to America in the novels first prologue. Her wish: In America I will have a daughter just like me. But over there nobody will say her worth is measured by the loudness of her husbands belch. Over there nobody will look down on her, because I will make her speak only perfect English. And over there she will always be too full to swallow any sorrow! this shows that the mother only wishes for her daughter to have a promising and not face any hardships (The Joy Luck Club, 17). The mothers prospects for her daughter are the very reason that tension arises between the mother and daughter. The Chinese way consists of not expressing ones desires, not speaking up, and not making choices. The American way consists of exercising choices and speaking up for oneself. This Chinese custom was vigorously expressed throughout the novel as the mothers told their stories about forced marriage, war experience, the love and longing for a mother, and sacrifice. All these were causes of not speaking up for themselves and making their lives the way they wanted. Shame was also another tradition that had to be followed. Control of the children (in Chinese and Japanese families) was maintained by nurturing feelings of shame and guilt. The mothers tried to teach their daughters of these ways and the culture of the Chinese people but resulted in a different manner than expected. The daughters see their lives in a different perspective. Regardless of shame and surrounding, the daughters would openly disrespect their mother and feel justified for doing so. They try and follow the American society, while struggling to maintain their Chinese heritage, through the heavy influence of their mothers. The daughters do not realize why their mothers pressure them so much. They feel that their mothers never look up to them or respect their choices. The American daughters are alien to Chinese culture as much as they are to their mother`s uncanny, Chinese ways of thinking. Part of that society would be a Language barrier, which causes restriction of the mother understanding her daughter and vice versa. While the daughters, all born in America, entirely adapt to the customs and language of the new land, the immigrant mothers still hold onto those of China. The mothers capability of speaking English is limited to that of their daughters. The daughters assume that the mothers are not as educated as they are, for their inability to speak and express themselves in English. The Joy Luck Club mothers can feel their daughter’s impression on them when they see their daughters growing impatient every time they speak Chinese; they think their daughters perceive them as being stupid because of their incapability of speaking fluent English. The language barrier that existed between them was such that both mother and daughter imperfectly translated each other words and meanings. The mothers attempted to communicate by taking classes, hand gestures and sometimes even asking their daughter to translate on their behalf. Lena St. Clairs mother has trouble expressing herself in English. She married an English speaking man, but he expected her to learn English, while he himself put no effort in learning Chinese. In her desperate attempt, she would use hand gestures and expressed her emotions through exerting them. Most of the time the husband would not understand her and would assume what she would say but the daughter was capable of translating but could not speak the language. Because of this, Lena defines her mother as a displaced person who has difficulties expressing herself in English. In this dilemma the mothers were not capable of teaching their daughters why Chinese thinking is best. Stress and frustration would accumulate from the misunderstanding and failure of understanding one another. The mother always expected the daughter to know what she was trying to get across but the mothers could not put their thoughts into words. As a result, the daughters often felt justified in believing that their mothers had nothing worthwhile to say. When the mother talks about the American ways, the daughter is willing to listen; when the mother shows her Chinese ways, the daughter ignores her. The mother is thus unable to teach her daughter the Chinese ways of obeying parents, of listening to the mother`s mind, of hiding her thoughts, of knowing her own worth without becoming vain. On the other hand, the daughters would always feel that their mothers were trying hard to make them another version of themselves. The mothers failed to realize that the daughters did put exceptional work into trying to understand their mothers. The daughters would listen and try to emotionally attach themselves through conversations with their mothers but the mothers, took matter into their own hands and tried to show their superiority. When the story is being told from a daughter’s point of view, the mother always speaks in incorrect English. This highlights the distance between the younger and older generations, as the mothers and daughters frequently misinterpret or misunderstand each other. A prime example is when Waverly confuses Taiyuan, her mother’s birthplace, with Taiwan, which is a different place altogether. The mother loudly corrects her, causing any chance of communication between her and her daughter to halt because Waverly upset with her mothers lack of recognizing the attempt that her daughter had put in to try and relate to her. The daughters realize and acknowledge to themselves, the fact that they lack any solid communication with their mothers and realize that this is what is causing them to drift apart from their roots. They also see this as to why their mothers are always trying so hard to compromise for their daughters by talking to them in English so that they may grasp at least the basics of the Chinese customs. The mothers influence is shown as a force that drives the daughter to always live her life in the approval of her mother and state of constantly trying to please. The mother demands for her daughter to obey her, and the mothers always have a response or answer for every situation her daughter faces. The mothers in the novel, struggle to keep their daughters to rise to expectations. They always wanted their daughters to be the best and strived toward their excellence. The Chinese mothers were taught that regardless of the circumstance, the mothers’ wishes must always be fulfilled. As with Jing-Meis mother wanted her to become any form of child prodigy, like Waverly, but Jing-Mei failed to rise to her mothers expectation, even after all the dedication and tests her mother prepares for her. In the mothers’ childhood, there was no talking back to your mother, in an essences, the daughter was to soon be like her mother (a reflection of her mother). They tried to teach this to their daughter but also involving the American standards, which did not mix to well. The American way was of freedom and choice, which the mothers wanted but to accomplish that, the daughters would have to move away from the Chinese standards, since choice was not permitted. The mothers only wanted the best quality life for her daughter and for her daughter to grow in an environment of less hardship. I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I know these things do not mix? (The Joy Luck Club, 254). The mothers influence cast a shadow on their daughter’s life. The daughters always felt that their mother would not approve and therefore, felt they were a disappointment to their mothers. In some cases, the daughter would open ly tell her mother that the mother had wished for another daughter. In Waverlys situation, she felt her mother always put a black spot where there was once white. Her life was not according to her mothers teachings. She was divorced and had a child. She was now dating a man, not of Chinese decent. As a token of love he had given her a fur coat that she loved so dearly. Looking at the coat in the mirror, I couldnt fend off the strength of her will anymore, her ability to make me see black where there was once white, white where there was once black. The coat looked shabby, an imitation of romance. (The Joy Luck Club, 169). The daughters only wanted their mother to see what they saw and to understand that Chinese customs, superstitions and culture, was not easily accepted in America. Jing-Mei, the daughter of a deceased mother, could not please her mother when she was alive because of her reluctance in becoming someone she was not. She tried her best, when her mother arranged special tests, to see where her daughter’s strengths were and potential areas of Jing-Mei could become a prodigy in. All Jing-Mei had left to say was, that parents shouldnt criticize children. They should encourage instead. You know, people rise to other peoples expectations. And when you criticize, it just means youre expecting failure. Thats the trouble, my mother said. You never rise. Lazy to get up. Lazy to rise to expectations. (The Joy Luck Club, 31). Because the there is a distance between the mother and daughter, the daughters try to push away from their mother clutch and become their own woman. The daughters want to grab the traditional sons position, to move out of the home and into the workplace, to climb the ladder of success. The daughters, by the end of the novel come to realize that no matter how hard they try to avoid their mothers, they all contain a heavy portion of their Chinese heritage; alongside they discover that they are very much like their mothers. Amy Tans novel has a sense of truth about mother/daughter relationships, when the daughter is born of another country and the mother of another. They grieve as they discuss how their daughters are unwilling to take their Chinese heritage, have forgotten the roots of their culture and language, and have changed their family structures. However, the daughters only wish that their mothers would not suppress them and see their side of the story. In the end, the mothers could not change their values to those of America and the daughters could not change their values to those of China, and in trying to do so, they created a clash and conflict in their relationships.

Translation, Quotation and Truth :: Mathematical Mathematics Math Essays

Translation, Quotation and Truth ABSTRACT: If logical truth is truth due solely to syntactic form, then mathematics is distinct from logic, even if all mathematical truths are derivable from definitions and logical principles. This is often obscured by the plausibility of the Synonymy Substitution Principle that is implicit in the Fregean conception of analyticity: viz., that synonyms are intersubstitutable without altering sentence sense. Now, unlike logical truth, mathematical truth is not due to syntax, so synonym interchange in mathematical truths preserves sentence syntax, sense, and mathematical necessity. Mathematical necessity, therefore, differs from both logical and lexical necessity. Alonzo Church's Translation Test is supposed to evaluate alleged necessary equivalences. The basic idea is that (correct) translation is meaning preserving, so if some disparity between the alleged equivalents appears under translation, the sentences are inequivalent. The Test translations are essentially synonym substitutions. The translation sentence is to have the syntax of the original, and to differ only morphemically, by synonym subbing. Supposedly, whether the translations are inter-language or intra-language has no logical import. Either way, the underlying and seemingly unassailable principle is that synonym subbing transmits sentence sense. This Synonym Substitution Principle extends to subbing of coreferring proper names by taking their meaning to be their reference. The Test's derivation from this Principle should spark suspicions for two reasons. First, the Principle seems to entail the Test's inutility, for, presumably, any disparity appearing under translation but not appearing in the original must be a discrepancy in and of the translation. If the Principle is platitudinous, the Test should be profitless. This isn't the old Paradox of Analysis. Synonymies aren't analyses. Genuine analyses are translanguistic necessary truths knowable a priori; synonymies are contingent notational equivalences knowable only a posteriori. Unlike analysis, the assumption that translation can be informative for a competent bilingual needs justification. The Test's pet targets are peculiarly Carnapian theses: e.g., that belief attributions like Mother believes Roger is nearby are semantic equivalents of speech attributions like Mother accepts "Roger is nearby". The Test's plausibility and popularity may owe much to its confirming incredulity about independently refutable theses. We knew pre-Church that my dog Mother's believing her master is nearby doesn't entail any wagging at an English sentence. Another curiosity in the Test is that translation seems to reveal disparities not otherwise evident solely with talk about talk and thought, in the relation between direct and indirect discourse. The Test gets touted only with instantiations of alleged logical or analytical principles wherein, allegedly, a quotation embedding sentence mutually entails a quotationless sentence.

Education in Kazakhstan Essay

1.Before going to school, children attend kindergartens until they are six or seven. 2.Compulsory education begins in our country at the age of seven, when children go to primary school. 3.The secondary stage begins from the 5th form when children start studying a lot of new subjects, such as Literature, History, Natural Sci ¬ences and others. 4.Examinations are taken at the end of the 9-th and the 11-th forms. 5.Some children may leave school after the 9-th form and continue their education at vocational or technical schools or colleges. 6.Besides secondary schools there are other types of schools in Ka ¬zakhstan. There are specialized secondary schools with intensive study of a certain subject, for example Foreign Languages, Literature, Physics and others. 7.There are also specialized art, music, ballet and sport schools for gifted children and special schools for handicapped children. 8.Secondary education in our country is free of charge. Among secondary schools there are gymnasiums, colleges and lyceums most of them are private. 9.There are institutes, schools of higher education, universities and academies among higher educational institutions. 10.In 1992 Kazakhstan system of higher education adopted the western model – a 4 years course of studies with getting the Bachelor degree after graduation and a 2 years course of study with getting the Master’s degree after graduation. 11.In order to enter a higher educational institution young people have to take an entrance examination. Only those who successfully pass entrance testing are admitted free of charge. In other cases education is given on the commercial basis.

Key Principles of Economics

3 Key Elements of Economics There are many key factors that make up the economic system all which must work together in order to effectively direct scarce inputs into wanted outputs. For this purpose the focus will be on 3 of those key elements. this includes the idea of no such thing as a free lunch, transactions as an obstacle to trade, and how the invisible hand directs buyers and sellers toward activities that increase general welfare. All three of these elements are essential for a greater understanding of how the economy thrives. In our market, resources are limited yet humans desire for goods and services is nearly infinite.Because of this there is no such thing as a free lunch. The sacrifice most commonly thought of in receiving lunch is the monetary cost however there are other sacrifices as well. Productivity, which provides the money for that lunch, is a large sacrifice when we stop to take a lunch break as in this explanation. However, the main sacrifice to focus on is th e cost that we pay for any good or service. This sacrifice is something both consumers and producers must face. To say that you did not pay for the lunch you received still does not make it free to you or the person who paid the bill. It simply shifts the cost, it does not reduce it.As consumers we are always looking to get more for less. Yet what we do not see so directly, is how the cost of any given good influences us on what we choose to purchase. With out comparing the cost advantage of given products we as consumers would end up using the money we had intended for groceries perhaps on other items that are not of equal value. Therefore, if Sally goes out shopping with the intent of buying only a few essential items that her daughter will need for the winter weather and does not consider the cost of what she is buying she could easily over spend and have to sacrifice at the grocery store.Or maybe Sally will then not be able to heat her house effectively. Both of these are exampl es of items that are more essential to Sally and her daughter's well being than the brand name of her daughter's clothing. This shows how by purchasing the more expensive clothes for her daughter Sally is no longer able to direct her resources as effectively as she could have had she perhaps taken her daughter to Goodwill and gotten clothes that are just as effective for less money. For producers the cost that most effects them is of the resources they use to make any given product.If a paper mill produces only two types of paper type A and type B Then in order for the paper mill to produce 500 bundles of each type of paper the mill must accrue the cost of only being able to make 500 bundles of type A because they must also make 500 bundles of type B instead of 1000 of type A and none of type B. This also shows cost because 1000 bundles of type A is the cost of 0 bundles of type B. Trade is a voluntary exchange of goods of services however, trade cost the consumer and the producer.T he producer must pay things like time effort, shipping, and negotiations in order to make the sale. These cost then get reflected on to the consumer in order to create a profit. Transaction cost are effected by several factors physical obstacles, lack or information, government taxing and regulations, and middle men. Physical obstacles such as rivers, mountains, and oceans all increase transaction cost because they increase the difficulty of getting the product from the shipping point to the destination. This can be seen in the cost of nearly anything.If John orders a new muffler for his Toyota motor cycle and it has to be shipped from Japan he will incur a much larger transaction cost than if he had ordered the part locally because that muffler must travel across the ocean and possibly some other land barriers. Lack of information is costly in the way of the producer and consumer. If the producer of an anatomy book is looking to find a consumer they producer must spend valuable tim e looking for a consumer because they are unaware of where they might find the consumer.The same goes for the consumer who must look for a producer or other student who has the book he or she needs. This could also involve finding multiple sellers of the right book in order to compare price and get the most value for his or her dollar. This all takes time in which the producer and consumer could be doing more productive things therefore bringing in more income. As most people are well aware of the government increases transaction cost in varying ways including taxes, licensing requirements, price controls, tariffs, and quotas.Every time I go to the grocery store I can look at my receipt and see where I was taxed. Some things only have a 2. 5% tax others have a 5% tax. This increases my cost of trade by the percentage of tax on every item I purchase in a given transaction. Government also increases transaction cost on other nations by enforcing tariffs in which a tax must be paid in order to import the goods shipped here to the U. S. Another example is in licensing. If I want to go fishing legally I must first buy a fishing license. Therefore I must pay in order to go and fish for the good of potentially catching my dinner.The final element of economics that will be covered is the invisible hand, how market prices direct buyers and sellers toward activities that promote general welfare. Every person is out for his or her own gain however, what he or she does not realize is that the â€Å"invisible hand† or market prices promotes the goals of others which leads to greater riches for everyone. For producers the actions of the consumer allows them to know how to adjust to meet the demands of the consumer. It reflects information about a consumers preferences in regards to cost, timing, location and circumstances.For example if people are able to get canned pumpkin all year at the super market but around thanksgiving the demand for canned pumpkin sky rockets in Louisiana then the producer can then tell that they are able to raise the price of the pumpkin in Louisiana and because they raised the price they can also afford to supply more cans of pumpkin with out the fear of the canned pumpkin expiring on the shelf. For the consumer to buy a product the consumer must feel they are getting at least the monetary value of the good they are buying.Therefore, if the pumpkin is priced too high the consumer will reduce the amount that they buy causing spoilage and costing the producer. However, if the price is too low the producer will see a great increase is the purchase of the pumpkin because the consumer now thinks they are getting more for their money than before. This is how the â€Å"invisible hand† directs prices by showing when there is a surplus or shortage allowing for the market to self adjust to cross over clearing where there is very little excess or shortage in the real world.