How does themed hotels affect the tourism industry Lab Report

How does themed hotels affect the tourism industry - Lab Report Example In case of the local tourists visiting the hotels for their services, the choice of themes to be used should not be of the local culture. It has to be something new since they are used to whatever is in the locality. 7 To sum up the discussion section of this research study, it should be noted that management of any business enterprise is very vital. These hotels if well managed will not only benefit the owners but also the nation in which a given hotel is found. This is through earning the nation foreign exchange, which in turn helps in sky rocketing the country’s economy. This will end up improving the living standards of the citizens. 7 Conclusion/Recommendations 8 References 10 Abstract The main purpose behind conducting this study was to investigate the effect of themed hotels on the tourism industry. The researcher mainly collected information from secondary sources to make the analyses, recommendations and conclusion of this report. The findings of the study outline how the tourism industry is influenced by the type of hotel in question. At the end of it, there are some recommendations, which if put in action, can propel the industry to rise higher and higher. Introduction A hotel can be termed as a commercial place where people, especially travelers and tourists buy meals, pay for accommodation services. A theme on the other hand, despite the various meanings the word bears, in the context of this report, it refers to the hotels having artistic decorations. These decorations can be in form of paintings on the wall that result in to a recurring pattern making the place look more attractive than in the case of ordinary hotels. Another word we need to be familiar with before proceeding with the report is tourism. The definition of the word Tourism can be that it is an activity carried out by either one person or a group of persons. This is usually as a result of people moving from one place to another. It can be from one country to another with the aim of performing a given task or just for the sake of entertainment. This report deals with the facts, discussions, conclusions and recommendations relating to the effect of themed hotels on the tourist industry. As outlined by http://www.unusualhotelsoftheworld.com; Unusual & Unique Hotels of the World, there are various themed hotels worldwide examples being Reino Fungi Lodge and Nothofagus Hotel and Spa ( both located at the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserver), Magic Mountain Hotel situated in the midst of Chilean Patagonian Rainforest, The Pavillion – London in the United Kingdom and many others. Facts/Findings Themed hotels bearing some sort of uniqueness are slightly costly. Though some tourists shy away, a good number of them being the local tourists, the number is incomparable to those who visit the places or else it could be useless to carry on with the business. In the course of this research study, it was evident that these hotels have a notable impact on the tourism industry. Firstly, due to the unique motif they bear in their establishment starting from the decor, dining and the personnel. This is as according to www.wisegreek.com; (What is a themed Hotel?) The choice of the theme to be used should typically connote every little detail be it in the hotel where the visitors get their meals from, the rooms in which

The Joy Luck Club Essay Example for Free

The Joy Luck Club Essay The Joy Luck Club is a story of a monthly mah-jong gathering whose members consists of four Chinese mothers with American-born daughters. The novel is narrated by the four mothers and their daughters. At these meetings, the mothers share their concern of the growing rift between their daughters and Chinese customs. Each mother shares her story of her life in China and each daughter tells her story about her life in America. In The Joy Luck Club, the consistent conflict is formulated from the cultural and ideological clash between the mothers and daughters. Tensions arise out of the struggle to adapt to the American way of life when old customs are expected to be honored. Communications between both sides are limited, and from this, they all struggle with the expectations that they have for each other. Amy Tans novel provides the reader the perspectives from two vastly different worlds the conflicts the mothers faced and how the Chinese values conflict with American values in the lives of the daughters. In Amy Tans novel, the mother is shown struggling with adapting to the American way of life, while the daughters try and honor the old Chinese customs. The mothers constantly criticize their daughters and always expect their daughters to respect and honor their choice. The mothers relate their past to their daughter, so that they may realize the struggle they had faced. The mothers wish for the daughter to live a better life than the one she had back in China is revealed in the conversation between the Chinese woman and her swan on her journey to America in the novels first prologue. Her wish: In America I will have a daughter just like me. But over there nobody will say her worth is measured by the loudness of her husbands belch. Over there nobody will look down on her, because I will make her speak only perfect English. And over there she will always be too full to swallow any sorrow! this shows that the mother only wishes for her daughter to have a promising and not face any hardships (The Joy Luck Club, 17). The mothers prospects for her daughter are the very reason that tension arises between the mother and daughter. The Chinese way consists of not expressing ones desires, not speaking up, and not making choices. The American way consists of exercising choices and speaking up for oneself. This Chinese custom was vigorously expressed throughout the novel as the mothers told their stories about forced marriage, war experience, the love and longing for a mother, and sacrifice. All these were causes of not speaking up for themselves and making their lives the way they wanted. Shame was also another tradition that had to be followed. Control of the children (in Chinese and Japanese families) was maintained by nurturing feelings of shame and guilt. The mothers tried to teach their daughters of these ways and the culture of the Chinese people but resulted in a different manner than expected. The daughters see their lives in a different perspective. Regardless of shame and surrounding, the daughters would openly disrespect their mother and feel justified for doing so. They try and follow the American society, while struggling to maintain their Chinese heritage, through the heavy influence of their mothers. The daughters do not realize why their mothers pressure them so much. They feel that their mothers never look up to them or respect their choices. The American daughters are alien to Chinese culture as much as they are to their mother`s uncanny, Chinese ways of thinking. Part of that society would be a Language barrier, which causes restriction of the mother understanding her daughter and vice versa. While the daughters, all born in America, entirely adapt to the customs and language of the new land, the immigrant mothers still hold onto those of China. The mothers capability of speaking English is limited to that of their daughters. The daughters assume that the mothers are not as educated as they are, for their inability to speak and express themselves in English. The Joy Luck Club mothers can feel their daughter’s impression on them when they see their daughters growing impatient every time they speak Chinese; they think their daughters perceive them as being stupid because of their incapability of speaking fluent English. The language barrier that existed between them was such that both mother and daughter imperfectly translated each other words and meanings. The mothers attempted to communicate by taking classes, hand gestures and sometimes even asking their daughter to translate on their behalf. Lena St. Clairs mother has trouble expressing herself in English. She married an English speaking man, but he expected her to learn English, while he himself put no effort in learning Chinese. In her desperate attempt, she would use hand gestures and expressed her emotions through exerting them. Most of the time the husband would not understand her and would assume what she would say but the daughter was capable of translating but could not speak the language. Because of this, Lena defines her mother as a displaced person who has difficulties expressing herself in English. In this dilemma the mothers were not capable of teaching their daughters why Chinese thinking is best. Stress and frustration would accumulate from the misunderstanding and failure of understanding one another. The mother always expected the daughter to know what she was trying to get across but the mothers could not put their thoughts into words. As a result, the daughters often felt justified in believing that their mothers had nothing worthwhile to say. When the mother talks about the American ways, the daughter is willing to listen; when the mother shows her Chinese ways, the daughter ignores her. The mother is thus unable to teach her daughter the Chinese ways of obeying parents, of listening to the mother`s mind, of hiding her thoughts, of knowing her own worth without becoming vain. On the other hand, the daughters would always feel that their mothers were trying hard to make them another version of themselves. The mothers failed to realize that the daughters did put exceptional work into trying to understand their mothers. The daughters would listen and try to emotionally attach themselves through conversations with their mothers but the mothers, took matter into their own hands and tried to show their superiority. When the story is being told from a daughter’s point of view, the mother always speaks in incorrect English. This highlights the distance between the younger and older generations, as the mothers and daughters frequently misinterpret or misunderstand each other. A prime example is when Waverly confuses Taiyuan, her mother’s birthplace, with Taiwan, which is a different place altogether. The mother loudly corrects her, causing any chance of communication between her and her daughter to halt because Waverly upset with her mothers lack of recognizing the attempt that her daughter had put in to try and relate to her. The daughters realize and acknowledge to themselves, the fact that they lack any solid communication with their mothers and realize that this is what is causing them to drift apart from their roots. They also see this as to why their mothers are always trying so hard to compromise for their daughters by talking to them in English so that they may grasp at least the basics of the Chinese customs. The mothers influence is shown as a force that drives the daughter to always live her life in the approval of her mother and state of constantly trying to please. The mother demands for her daughter to obey her, and the mothers always have a response or answer for every situation her daughter faces. The mothers in the novel, struggle to keep their daughters to rise to expectations. They always wanted their daughters to be the best and strived toward their excellence. The Chinese mothers were taught that regardless of the circumstance, the mothers’ wishes must always be fulfilled. As with Jing-Meis mother wanted her to become any form of child prodigy, like Waverly, but Jing-Mei failed to rise to her mothers expectation, even after all the dedication and tests her mother prepares for her. In the mothers’ childhood, there was no talking back to your mother, in an essences, the daughter was to soon be like her mother (a reflection of her mother). They tried to teach this to their daughter but also involving the American standards, which did not mix to well. The American way was of freedom and choice, which the mothers wanted but to accomplish that, the daughters would have to move away from the Chinese standards, since choice was not permitted. The mothers only wanted the best quality life for her daughter and for her daughter to grow in an environment of less hardship. I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I know these things do not mix? (The Joy Luck Club, 254). The mothers influence cast a shadow on their daughter’s life. The daughters always felt that their mother would not approve and therefore, felt they were a disappointment to their mothers. In some cases, the daughter would open ly tell her mother that the mother had wished for another daughter. In Waverlys situation, she felt her mother always put a black spot where there was once white. Her life was not according to her mothers teachings. She was divorced and had a child. She was now dating a man, not of Chinese decent. As a token of love he had given her a fur coat that she loved so dearly. Looking at the coat in the mirror, I couldnt fend off the strength of her will anymore, her ability to make me see black where there was once white, white where there was once black. The coat looked shabby, an imitation of romance. (The Joy Luck Club, 169). The daughters only wanted their mother to see what they saw and to understand that Chinese customs, superstitions and culture, was not easily accepted in America. Jing-Mei, the daughter of a deceased mother, could not please her mother when she was alive because of her reluctance in becoming someone she was not. She tried her best, when her mother arranged special tests, to see where her daughter’s strengths were and potential areas of Jing-Mei could become a prodigy in. All Jing-Mei had left to say was, that parents shouldnt criticize children. They should encourage instead. You know, people rise to other peoples expectations. And when you criticize, it just means youre expecting failure. Thats the trouble, my mother said. You never rise. Lazy to get up. Lazy to rise to expectations. (The Joy Luck Club, 31). Because the there is a distance between the mother and daughter, the daughters try to push away from their mother clutch and become their own woman. The daughters want to grab the traditional sons position, to move out of the home and into the workplace, to climb the ladder of success. The daughters, by the end of the novel come to realize that no matter how hard they try to avoid their mothers, they all contain a heavy portion of their Chinese heritage; alongside they discover that they are very much like their mothers. Amy Tans novel has a sense of truth about mother/daughter relationships, when the daughter is born of another country and the mother of another. They grieve as they discuss how their daughters are unwilling to take their Chinese heritage, have forgotten the roots of their culture and language, and have changed their family structures. However, the daughters only wish that their mothers would not suppress them and see their side of the story. In the end, the mothers could not change their values to those of America and the daughters could not change their values to those of China, and in trying to do so, they created a clash and conflict in their relationships.

Translation, Quotation and Truth :: Mathematical Mathematics Math Essays

Translation, Quotation and Truth ABSTRACT: If logical truth is truth due solely to syntactic form, then mathematics is distinct from logic, even if all mathematical truths are derivable from definitions and logical principles. This is often obscured by the plausibility of the Synonymy Substitution Principle that is implicit in the Fregean conception of analyticity: viz., that synonyms are intersubstitutable without altering sentence sense. Now, unlike logical truth, mathematical truth is not due to syntax, so synonym interchange in mathematical truths preserves sentence syntax, sense, and mathematical necessity. Mathematical necessity, therefore, differs from both logical and lexical necessity. Alonzo Church's Translation Test is supposed to evaluate alleged necessary equivalences. The basic idea is that (correct) translation is meaning preserving, so if some disparity between the alleged equivalents appears under translation, the sentences are inequivalent. The Test translations are essentially synonym substitutions. The translation sentence is to have the syntax of the original, and to differ only morphemically, by synonym subbing. Supposedly, whether the translations are inter-language or intra-language has no logical import. Either way, the underlying and seemingly unassailable principle is that synonym subbing transmits sentence sense. This Synonym Substitution Principle extends to subbing of coreferring proper names by taking their meaning to be their reference. The Test's derivation from this Principle should spark suspicions for two reasons. First, the Principle seems to entail the Test's inutility, for, presumably, any disparity appearing under translation but not appearing in the original must be a discrepancy in and of the translation. If the Principle is platitudinous, the Test should be profitless. This isn't the old Paradox of Analysis. Synonymies aren't analyses. Genuine analyses are translanguistic necessary truths knowable a priori; synonymies are contingent notational equivalences knowable only a posteriori. Unlike analysis, the assumption that translation can be informative for a competent bilingual needs justification. The Test's pet targets are peculiarly Carnapian theses: e.g., that belief attributions like Mother believes Roger is nearby are semantic equivalents of speech attributions like Mother accepts "Roger is nearby". The Test's plausibility and popularity may owe much to its confirming incredulity about independently refutable theses. We knew pre-Church that my dog Mother's believing her master is nearby doesn't entail any wagging at an English sentence. Another curiosity in the Test is that translation seems to reveal disparities not otherwise evident solely with talk about talk and thought, in the relation between direct and indirect discourse. The Test gets touted only with instantiations of alleged logical or analytical principles wherein, allegedly, a quotation embedding sentence mutually entails a quotationless sentence.

Education in Kazakhstan Essay

1.Before going to school, children attend kindergartens until they are six or seven. 2.Compulsory education begins in our country at the age of seven, when children go to primary school. 3.The secondary stage begins from the 5th form when children start studying a lot of new subjects, such as Literature, History, Natural Sci ¬ences and others. 4.Examinations are taken at the end of the 9-th and the 11-th forms. 5.Some children may leave school after the 9-th form and continue their education at vocational or technical schools or colleges. 6.Besides secondary schools there are other types of schools in Ka ¬zakhstan. There are specialized secondary schools with intensive study of a certain subject, for example Foreign Languages, Literature, Physics and others. 7.There are also specialized art, music, ballet and sport schools for gifted children and special schools for handicapped children. 8.Secondary education in our country is free of charge. Among secondary schools there are gymnasiums, colleges and lyceums most of them are private. 9.There are institutes, schools of higher education, universities and academies among higher educational institutions. 10.In 1992 Kazakhstan system of higher education adopted the western model – a 4 years course of studies with getting the Bachelor degree after graduation and a 2 years course of study with getting the Master’s degree after graduation. 11.In order to enter a higher educational institution young people have to take an entrance examination. Only those who successfully pass entrance testing are admitted free of charge. In other cases education is given on the commercial basis.

Key Principles of Economics

3 Key Elements of Economics There are many key factors that make up the economic system all which must work together in order to effectively direct scarce inputs into wanted outputs. For this purpose the focus will be on 3 of those key elements. this includes the idea of no such thing as a free lunch, transactions as an obstacle to trade, and how the invisible hand directs buyers and sellers toward activities that increase general welfare. All three of these elements are essential for a greater understanding of how the economy thrives. In our market, resources are limited yet humans desire for goods and services is nearly infinite.Because of this there is no such thing as a free lunch. The sacrifice most commonly thought of in receiving lunch is the monetary cost however there are other sacrifices as well. Productivity, which provides the money for that lunch, is a large sacrifice when we stop to take a lunch break as in this explanation. However, the main sacrifice to focus on is th e cost that we pay for any good or service. This sacrifice is something both consumers and producers must face. To say that you did not pay for the lunch you received still does not make it free to you or the person who paid the bill. It simply shifts the cost, it does not reduce it.As consumers we are always looking to get more for less. Yet what we do not see so directly, is how the cost of any given good influences us on what we choose to purchase. With out comparing the cost advantage of given products we as consumers would end up using the money we had intended for groceries perhaps on other items that are not of equal value. Therefore, if Sally goes out shopping with the intent of buying only a few essential items that her daughter will need for the winter weather and does not consider the cost of what she is buying she could easily over spend and have to sacrifice at the grocery store.Or maybe Sally will then not be able to heat her house effectively. Both of these are exampl es of items that are more essential to Sally and her daughter's well being than the brand name of her daughter's clothing. This shows how by purchasing the more expensive clothes for her daughter Sally is no longer able to direct her resources as effectively as she could have had she perhaps taken her daughter to Goodwill and gotten clothes that are just as effective for less money. For producers the cost that most effects them is of the resources they use to make any given product.If a paper mill produces only two types of paper type A and type B Then in order for the paper mill to produce 500 bundles of each type of paper the mill must accrue the cost of only being able to make 500 bundles of type A because they must also make 500 bundles of type B instead of 1000 of type A and none of type B. This also shows cost because 1000 bundles of type A is the cost of 0 bundles of type B. Trade is a voluntary exchange of goods of services however, trade cost the consumer and the producer.T he producer must pay things like time effort, shipping, and negotiations in order to make the sale. These cost then get reflected on to the consumer in order to create a profit. Transaction cost are effected by several factors physical obstacles, lack or information, government taxing and regulations, and middle men. Physical obstacles such as rivers, mountains, and oceans all increase transaction cost because they increase the difficulty of getting the product from the shipping point to the destination. This can be seen in the cost of nearly anything.If John orders a new muffler for his Toyota motor cycle and it has to be shipped from Japan he will incur a much larger transaction cost than if he had ordered the part locally because that muffler must travel across the ocean and possibly some other land barriers. Lack of information is costly in the way of the producer and consumer. If the producer of an anatomy book is looking to find a consumer they producer must spend valuable tim e looking for a consumer because they are unaware of where they might find the consumer.The same goes for the consumer who must look for a producer or other student who has the book he or she needs. This could also involve finding multiple sellers of the right book in order to compare price and get the most value for his or her dollar. This all takes time in which the producer and consumer could be doing more productive things therefore bringing in more income. As most people are well aware of the government increases transaction cost in varying ways including taxes, licensing requirements, price controls, tariffs, and quotas.Every time I go to the grocery store I can look at my receipt and see where I was taxed. Some things only have a 2. 5% tax others have a 5% tax. This increases my cost of trade by the percentage of tax on every item I purchase in a given transaction. Government also increases transaction cost on other nations by enforcing tariffs in which a tax must be paid in order to import the goods shipped here to the U. S. Another example is in licensing. If I want to go fishing legally I must first buy a fishing license. Therefore I must pay in order to go and fish for the good of potentially catching my dinner.The final element of economics that will be covered is the invisible hand, how market prices direct buyers and sellers toward activities that promote general welfare. Every person is out for his or her own gain however, what he or she does not realize is that the â€Å"invisible hand† or market prices promotes the goals of others which leads to greater riches for everyone. For producers the actions of the consumer allows them to know how to adjust to meet the demands of the consumer. It reflects information about a consumers preferences in regards to cost, timing, location and circumstances.For example if people are able to get canned pumpkin all year at the super market but around thanksgiving the demand for canned pumpkin sky rockets in Louisiana then the producer can then tell that they are able to raise the price of the pumpkin in Louisiana and because they raised the price they can also afford to supply more cans of pumpkin with out the fear of the canned pumpkin expiring on the shelf. For the consumer to buy a product the consumer must feel they are getting at least the monetary value of the good they are buying.Therefore, if the pumpkin is priced too high the consumer will reduce the amount that they buy causing spoilage and costing the producer. However, if the price is too low the producer will see a great increase is the purchase of the pumpkin because the consumer now thinks they are getting more for their money than before. This is how the â€Å"invisible hand† directs prices by showing when there is a surplus or shortage allowing for the market to self adjust to cross over clearing where there is very little excess or shortage in the real world.

10 Analytical Essay Topics on Environmental Economics

10 Analytical Essay Topics on Environmental Economics If you need environmental economic facts for your next analytical paper, consider the ten facts below: Perfect competition in an environmental economic is a market structure wherein five basic components are met. The first component is when all firms sell an identical product. Once this has been established, the second criterion is that all firms are price takers. Third: all firms have a relatively small market share. The fourth component is that buyers know the nature of the product which is being sold along with the prices charged by each of the firms. The last item is that the industry is then characterized by freedom of entry and exit. It is a theoretical market structure which is used comparatively as a benchmark to compare other market structures. In a given environmental economic marketplace there are different buyers and different sellers, which create a competitive market. The market changes based upon responses to supply and demand. With numerous buyers and sellers, the supplier and the consumer have an ability to influence the price. When there exists an industry without any substitute products there can be no competition and the producer of the product can control the price, limiting the consumer’s choice and influence over the price. An environmental economic monopoly encompasses the market structure established above wherein there is only one producer for a specific product making the single business the entire industry. Because of high costs, entrance into the monopoly structure is restricted. The impediments, aside from cost, can be social, political, or economic. A monopoly structure may also form because of a copyright or patent which one company has preventing other companies from entering into that market. An environmental economic oligopoly consists of only a few firms making up a single industry, however, the firms are part of a selected group which maintains control over the price. Often the products produced by each firm are almost mirrors of one another. Each competing for market share and being a result of market forces. In the United States, the closest example of perfect competition for environmental economics would be the stock exchange. Since perfect competition is a theory, no example will fit the five parts of the model perfectly, however, the stock exchange is close. The only thing lacking from the example of the stock exchange is that no single seller is able to influence the market price, and investment banks are actually capable of influencing the market. A monopoly is one extreme form of market structure while perfect competition is the exact opposite of a monopoly. There are two types of price discrimination for environmental economics. The first is single-price monopoly which is when a firm is limited to charging the same price for each unit of output sold. The second type is price discrimination monopoly. This is when there are different prices charged to different customers based upon their willingness to pay for the goods in question. The latter form of price discrimination within a monopoly is not based on prejudice, stereotypes, or any type of ill-will toward a group or a person. Price discrimination requires a demand curve which must be a downward-sloping demand curve for the firm’s output. The firm must be able to identify consumers willing to pay more and must be able to prevent low-price customers from reselling to high-price customers. An environmental economic monopoly benefits from price discrimination because it always benefits owners of a firm, increasing its profit. However, it does harm some customers and additional prof it for the firm is equal to monetary loss of customers. Perfect price discrimination needs each firm to charge each customer the most the customer would be willing to pay for each unit he or she buys. A monopolist can practice price discrimination assuming two conditions are met. The first is that there must be a different price elasticity of demand from each group of consumers, so that the monopolist is able to increase the total revenue and profits. The other condition which must be met is that the monopolist must be able to prevent any ability of customers to purchase the product or service at a lower price, ultimately preventing them from switching to another supplier. An example of price discrimination by an environmental economic monopoly is demonstrated through top hotels or airlines who offer spare rooms and seats on standby. This takes a normally fixed cost industry and offloads spare capacity at the last minute with supplementary profit. Also, early bird discounts function in this industry in the same manner. Offering early bird prices allows airlines and hotels the ability to foresee their source of cash flow weeks in advance. While this pricing strategy is referred to as yield management, it is still price discrimination. Peak and off-peak pricing for ATT as well as PGE in the California region separates markets by time. Off peak times offer spare capacity and low marginal costs of production as opposed to peak times where the supplier reaches their capacity constraints. ATT was a government-supported monopoly. However, ATT made the electric industry more efficient and despite having peak hours, they were not guilty of price discrimination. They however, had the potential to fix prices. Microsoft was an abusive environmental economic monopoly, not sharing any of the positive qualities that ATT was able to boast. Microsoft’s operating systems continued to demonstrate hostility toward competitor’s software. They abused a non-coercive monopoly. Microsoft was unable to dominate the market indefinitely because their materials were produced at such a rapid pace that bugs were still present and innovative domestic and international competition ruined their initial monopoly. Microsoft lost their hold on open source software. Aren’t these just what you need? Don’t forget to check our 20 topics and a sample on environmental economics along with our guide to analytical essay writing on this topic. References: Berck, Peter, and Gloria E Helfand.  The Economics of the Environment. Boston: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2011. Print. Mankiw, N. Gregory.  Principles of Microeconomics. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western, 2004. Print. Pearce, David W.  Environmental Economics. London: Longman, 1976. Print. Perman, Roger, Yue Ma, and James McGilvray.  Natural Resource and Environmental Economics. London: Longman, 1996. Print. Sankar, U.  Environmental Economics. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print. Seneca, Joseph J, and Michael K Taussig.  Environmental Economics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974. Print. Tietenberg, Thomas H.  Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. Print.

Linguistic Imperialism as Discriminatory and Exclusionary Weapon Against Mexican Americans essays

Linguistic Imperialism as Discriminatory and Exclusionary Weapon Against Mexican Americans essays The United States has experienced a well-publicized and hotly debated inundation of new citizens. The new immigration wave of Hispanic laborers, incited by the proliferation of free trade and the promise of a more vibrant economy in the United States, has inclined a continually intensifying arrival of Spanish-speaking citizens to the central employment center on the North American continent. This has been met with both resistance, mostly founded on American labor class presumptions of increased job competition, and with excitement, generally held by those who believe in the overarching economic opportunities present in such swelling immigration patterns. To groups on both sides, there is a concerted interest in curbing the flow of illegal immigration into the United States, with a mutual resolution resting somewhere in a balance of proper asylum and regulation. The immigration policies in the United States have been elevated to amongst the premier social and political issues of the day. At the heart of the issuei ¿Ã‚ ½s importance are the economic realities driving so many individuals to seek opportunity in a United States which is only fitfully receptive to the absorption of so many foreign born peoples. The fastest growing of such groups is Americai ¿Ã‚ ½s Hispanic population, which is increasingly establishing a pertinent economic identity in the U.S. as a result of its sheer size. And as the population of Hispanics continues to rise, so too does their presence in locations where previously, ethnic diversity had not been a defining characteristic. This means that at present, immigration is helping to redefine the cultural and social makeup of many parts of the country, especially those where agricultural and production-oriented labor are central to the economy. To this end, as it redefines ethnic or racial realities in the United States, immigration also levels a determinable impact on the economic systems in place. By consideri...

Black Men and the Criminal Justice System

Black Men and the Criminal Justice System Is the criminal justice system hopelessly rigged against black men, leading to a disproportionate amount of them ending up in prison? This question surfaced repeatedly after July 13, 2013, when a Florida jury acquitted neighborhood watchman George Zimmerman of the murder of Trayvon Martin. Zimmerman shot Martin after trailing him around a gated community because he viewed the black teen, who wasn’t involved in any wrongdoing, as suspicious. Whether black men are victims, perpetrators or simply going about their day, civil rights activists say they don’t get a fair shake in the U.S. legal system. Black men, for example, are more likely to receive stiffer sentences for their crimes, including the death penalty, than others do. They  are imprisoned at six times the rate of white men, according to the Washington Post. Nearly  1 in 12 black men  age  25-54 are incarcerated, compared to 1 in 60 nonblack men, 1 in 200 black women and 1 in 500 nonblack women, the New York Times reported.   In a number of the nation’s biggest cities, black men are more likely to be treated as criminals and  stopped and frisked by police  without cause than any other group. The statistics below, compiled largely by ThinkProgress, further illuminate the experiences of African American men in the criminal justice system. Black Minors at Risk The discrepancies in the punishments black and white offenders receive can even be found among minors. According to the National Council on Crime And Deliquency, black youth referred to juvenile court are likelier to be incarcerated or wind up in adult court or prison than white youth. Blacks make up roughly 30 percent of juvenile arrests and referrals to juvenile court as well as 37 percent of incarcerated juveniles, 35 percent of juveniles sent to criminal court and 58 percent of juveniles sent to adult prisons. The term â€Å"school to prison pipeline† was created to illustrate how the criminal justice system paves a pathway to prison for blacks when African Americans are still very young. The Sentencing Project has found that black males born in 2001 have a 32 percent chance of being incarcerated at some point. In contrast, white males born that year have only a six percent chance of winding up in prison. Disparities Between Black and White Drug Users While blacks make up 13 percent of the U.S. population and 14 percent of monthly drug users, they comprise 34 percent of individuals arrested for drug offenses and more than half (53 percent) of individuals imprisoned for drug-related offenses, according to the American Bar Association. In other words, black drug users are four times more likely to end up in prison than white drug users. Differences in the way the criminal justice system treats black drug offenders and white drug offenders became especially clear when sentencing laws required crack-cocaine users to receive much stiffer penalties than powder-cocaine users. That’s because, at the height of its popularity, crack-cocaine was most popular among blacks in the inner city, while powder-cocaine was most popular among whites. In 2010, Congress passed the Fair Sentencing Act, which helped to erase some of the sentencing disparities related to cocaine. A Quarter of Young Black Men Report Police Mistreatment Gallup interviewed roughly 4,400 adults from June 13 to July 5, 2013, for its Minority Rights and Relations poll about police interactions and racial profiling. Gallup found that 24 percent of black men between the ages of 18 and 34 felt they had been mistreated by police during the past month. Meanwhile, 22 percent of blacks from ages 35 to 54 felt the same and 11 percent of black males older than age 55 agreed. These numbers are significant given that many people have absolutely no dealings with police in a month-long period. The fact that the young black men polled had contact with police and roughly a quarter felt the authorities had mistreated them during these encounters indicates that racial profiling remains a serious issue for African Americans. Race and the Death Penalty A number of studies have shown that race influences the likelihood a defendant will receive the death penalty. In Harris County, Texas, for example, the District Attorney’s Office was more than three times as likely to pursue the death penalty against black defendants than their white counterparts, according to an analysis released in 2013 by University of Maryland criminology professor Ray Paternoster. There is also bias regarding the race of victims in death penalty cases. While blacks and whites suffer from homicides at about the same rate, the New York Times reports, 80 percent of those executed murdered white people. Such statistics make it easy to understand why African Americans in particular feel that they are not treated fairly by the authorities or in the courts.

Theatre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Theatre - Essay Example The result was the final idea of building the â€Å"Thrust Stage†. The structure of the thrust stage contained three sides for audience to sit and the stage at the center of the whole stage. The purpose of the thrust stage trusted on the reaction and the reception of the audience. The thrust stage configuration was in such a manner that the audience could see and identify one another. All of them could witness the play in full angle. The actors had a close interaction with the audience in a thrust stage performance. Though plays of various playwrights were performed in those times Shakespeare’s plays were the most wanted among the audience and specially the Queen. There were advantages as well as disadvantages in a thrust stage. The advantages were that of a close confidence with the audience. Each side had longer rows of seats and the thrust stage was very helpful in performing plays with a intimate theme in order to gain the Support of the audience. The plays were produces at a lower cost as there was very less chance to provide changes in scenery. Only common scenery was painted on the upper stage so that all the audience could watch it. With out such special scenery background some plays were not been able to perform with the expected effect. The disadvantages were that the provision for special effects was completely little. And as mentioned above the frequent change of scenic background was not possible within a small place. Limitations on set designs were also there and this thrust stage will never suit for a large scale production. Since the stage configuration is straight the performance in a vertical angle was not possible. The intimacy as mentioned in the advantages may lead to immediate interaction of the audience with the actors, in such a situation it might have become very difficult to control the audience. The thrust stage was a stage for actor centered not for

Unplanned Pregnancy and Abortion Laws Research Paper

Unplanned Pregnancy and Abortion Laws - Research Paper Example This is majorly because of lack of knowledge on the different methods of protection from pregnancy. Lack of finance also probes them to abort because they are afraid that they may not be able to give the child the basic needs. The contraceptives have become very costly for most of the American women who live under the poverty line. Normally, many women who abort are usually in the teen years. This is when peer influence is highest and many women try to fit in the society ending up getting pregnant and seeking abortion1. Abortion was legalized in America in 1973 by the Supreme Court. However, it became a very controversial issue. This is mainly because of the different ways that people look at abortion. Many are influenced by their religious beliefs, public health issues and ethics. Others believe that one should not suffer because of a pregnancy they had not even planned for in the first place. Before contraceptives became popular, may women in the United States had unplanned pregnancy. This was especially for young mothers who could not space out their children and thus had many maternal health problems. Later on, in the late twentieth century, the use of contraceptives reduces significantly, as the family planning methods became popular2. However, lately, due to politics interfering negatively with the use of contraceptives, unplanned pregnancies have drastically augmented. This is because the negative views of some politicians made some stakeholders to withdraw their financial support for family planning companies. In the recent past, the American lawmakers who belonged to the Republican Party were against abortions. Therefore, in the sittings that happened in 2011, they tried to make sure that the cost of having an abortion was very costly for women.

Shanghai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Shanghai - Essay Example The city’s economic history began in the thirteenth century through cotton manufacturing and production. The production of Cotton and textile were the city’s economic backbone of city’s economy through to the nineteenth century. The economic development of Shanghai continued to grow after the construction of dikes, canals, and real estate development by private investors during the Song Dynasty. The city would have developed earlier in the fifteenth century, but the Ming Dynasty placed restrictions on trade in efforts to guard the city against Wokou. The dynasty was also responsible for the construction of the city’s wall. Part of the reasons that were encouraging rapid grow in Shanghai was the inclusion of the city as a treaty port in the Treaty of Nanjing of 1842. Around mid nineteenth century, the city of Shanghai was an established regional trade point, which attracted the Great Britain’s interest in the land. After victory in the First opium wa r, Britain began efforts to acquire land in the region, managing to obtain both trading rights and 140 acres on the riverbank to the north of the Chinese city. France and America were the next invaders around the city, with France settling in the western part of the town (later called the French Concession), and the American establishing themselves to the north of Suzhou Creek in 1863 (combining with the British settlement to be the International Settlement). These foreign communities were trading on opium in exchange to the goods they had come with. They had their own rules apart from the Chinese. During the Taiping uprising between 1850 and 1864, the international communities stepped in to contain the revolt throughout the city and the entire country. Their interest was Shanghai’s fortune, and this led to further development of the city’s infrastructure, including buildings in the foreigners’ style, telephones in 1881, electricity the year that followed, and r unning water in 1884. Shanghai defeat in the Sino-Japanese War was a leading factor for the establishment of the 1895 Japanese Concession, with manufacturing rights. Soon, the city had a diverse set of foreigners, from the White Russians to the Iraqi Jews (O’Sullivan, 2008). In accordance with the theory of existence and origin of cities, Shanghai developed from a self-sufficient household to innovative development by the foreign settlers. The influx of diverse communities decorated the city, making it a cosmopolitan location in China. It is set to eclipse its rival Hong Kong in the near future. Growth The growth of Shanghai was slow in the Ming Dynasty due to the trade restrictions. It began re-establishing inter-state trade in the Song Dynasty, and that is when it began to grow and develop rapidly. The major growth factor of Shanghai was its strategic position in the Grand Canal and the intersection of the East China Sea, as well as the Yangzi confluence (O’Sullivan, 2008). This was a good exposure point for development of a trade center, considering that at the time, the main means of long-distance travel was water transport. Another important growth aspect was the incorporation of the city as a treaty port with four other cities, including Xiamen, Fuzhou, Linbou, and Canton. The treaty ports were part of the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing between the Great Britain and China. The treaty permitted

The Implications of Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Implications of Reconstruction - Essay Example 562). Reconstruction's biggest failure was the backlash that was created when Northern Republicans attempted to rule the South. The backlash resulted in violent hate groups that disrupted the political system, and the lives of African-Americans for the next 100 years. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were all passed during the era of reconstruction. These important amendments prohibited slavery, guaranteed the freed slaves citizenship, and granted them the right to vote, but were largely unenforceable in the South. However, these amendments would form the foundation for the Civil Rights movement 100 years later. Reconstruction ended when the disputed election of 1876 saw the Republican Rutherford B Hayes gain the presidency, even though the electoral votes were in dispute. In return, Hayes agreed to remove the federal troops from the South and not oppose the newly formed Democratic governments there (Zuczek 171). This spelled an end to Reconstruction and another 100 years of racial violence, segregation, and discrimination. By the late 19th century, African-Americans had still not realized the American dream of liberty and the right to vote, or the constitutional guarantees that came with the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

How technology can affect the movie buessines in the future Essay - 1

How technology can affect the movie buessines in the future - Essay Example The movie industry has always supported and promoted new technological advancements even back in 1920’s when sound was first incorporated in a movie. (1) Digital revolution will be the landmark development made in the history of home entertainment. One of the best technological improvements made in the movie business is digital technology. The biggest transition in the movie industry is the evolution of digital technology. Digital technology is considered to be the revolution in every field of the film industry. One of the most important advantages of digital revolution is allowing people to download movies at any time through the internet broadband. Digital cinema provides clarity, high quality experience and greater flexibility in programming the details. Digital film making required the theaters to also adopt digital technology which would enhance the quality of film, provide the best visuals while being cost effective. (2) Audio programming, post production and exhibition continue to be digital and there is rapid progression towards digital technology in the movie industry. Visual effects, editing are also predominantly handled by digital technology. One can expect the actual film making process to become completely digitalized in the coming years .Moviemakers would be able to create movies and sell and distribute them on the internet. (2) Many movie directors and producers fear that the new technology can be a threat as people will easily download movies even before they are released rather than going to theaters.The movie and audio industry has already been negatively affected in the last few years. Since more people are listening to MP3’s and other digital formats, the use of CD’s are seldom and cassettes no longer used. The impact is more for the audio industry as music is downloaded free from many websites. With the introduction of Blu Ray technology, people can download movies and can watch them in excellent sound

The Implications of Reconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Implications of Reconstruction - Essay Example 562). Reconstruction's biggest failure was the backlash that was created when Northern Republicans attempted to rule the South. The backlash resulted in violent hate groups that disrupted the political system, and the lives of African-Americans for the next 100 years. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were all passed during the era of reconstruction. These important amendments prohibited slavery, guaranteed the freed slaves citizenship, and granted them the right to vote, but were largely unenforceable in the South. However, these amendments would form the foundation for the Civil Rights movement 100 years later. Reconstruction ended when the disputed election of 1876 saw the Republican Rutherford B Hayes gain the presidency, even though the electoral votes were in dispute. In return, Hayes agreed to remove the federal troops from the South and not oppose the newly formed Democratic governments there (Zuczek 171). This spelled an end to Reconstruction and another 100 years of racial violence, segregation, and discrimination. By the late 19th century, African-Americans had still not realized the American dream of liberty and the right to vote, or the constitutional guarantees that came with the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.

Labeling Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Labeling Theory - Essay Example This theory deals with the relationship of the individual with the society. This theory is based on the concept of 'Dramatization of Evil" which argues that an individual must look at all stages of the deviant's life from childhood to adulthood, so that the individual can understand the nature of a crime. Based on the works of Tannenbaum, Howard Becker developed the theory of labeling also known as social reaction theory. Labeling theory was outlined in his 1963 book "Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance". Labeling theory was evolved in a period when there was widespread social and political power struggle which was developed within the world of college campus (pfohl). During this period many of the college students and faculty embraced liberal political movements and Becker harnessed this political influence and associated it with the labeling theory and its symbolic interaction theoretical background of Lemert. Becker has shaped his theory based on the prevailing social reaction approach of Lemert, symbolic interaction foundation of Cooley and Mead and the labeling influences of Tannenbaum and Lemert. Charles Cooley used the personal perception of individuals through studies of children and their imaginary friends to explain the human nature and the social order. The theoretical concept of Cooley was developed based on the idea of an imaginary sociability in which people are characterized to imagine the view of themselves through the eyes of other people living in the society. People based on such imaginary observations form judgments of themselves. "The main idea of the looking glass self is that people define themselves according to society's perception of them." Works of Mead combined with the ideas of Cooley formed the foundation for labeling theory and its approach to the acceptance of an individual of a label forced by the society. Pfohl is of the view that the work by Mead is more focused on the macro-level process of distinguishing the conventional and the condemned, rather than a micro-level approach on studying the deviant. Wright has observed that Mead describes the "perception of self as formed within the context of social process." The self is identified as the product of social symbols and interactions of the perception of the mind. Wright points out that the self exists in objective reality and is then internalized in to the conscious. "The idea of shifting the focus away from the individual deviant and looking at how social structure affects the separation of those persons considered unconventional has a great influence on how Becker approaches labeling theory." Frank Tannenbaum studied juvenile participation in street gangs for presenting his own approach to the labeling theory. Tannenbaum observed a different deviant behavior among the juvenile delinquents and conventional society. This different behavior causes the 'tagging' of juveniles as delinquent and separates them from mainstream society. This stigma of delinquency attached to the juveniles forces a person to move more towards deeper non-conformity. Even though Lamert does not recognize the influence of work of Tannenbaum in developing labeling theory, many other social reaction theories have been worked basing on the Tannenbaum's postulations. Edwin Lamert not quite comfortable with theories that take the concept of deviance for granted has diverted his focus on the social construction of deviance. Lamert has considered deviance as "the product society's reaction to an act and the affixing of a deviant label on the actor." According to Lamert it is the initial incidence of an

Australian Wine Essay Example for Free

Australian Wine Essay The Australian Wine industry is one of the largest exporters of wine around the world. Wine is produced in every state. There is approximately 160,000 hectares under vine, about 2500 wineries and 8000 growers. Australia’s wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, with vineyards located in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. South Australia produces over 50% of all Australian wine. The wine regions in these states produce different wine varieties and styles which take advantage of the particular Terroir such as climatic differences and soil types. The common wine is blended wine especially red wine. E. g. Grenache Syrah Mouvedre (GSM) One example of multi-state blend is Cabernet Syrah. Cabernet is from South Australia and the Syrah is from Victoria. First vines arrived from Cape of Good Hope to New South Wales by Governor Philip on the First Fleet (1788). First attempt at wine making from these vines failed, but other settlers managed to successfully cultivate vines for winemaking. The first vineyard was established at Parramatta by a German settler, Philip Schaffer in 1791. The very first Australian vintage is in 1795. Early Australian winemakers faced many difficulties and problems due to the unfamiliar Australian climate. In 1880s Australia was struck by Phylloxera. South Australia survived the well as lot of the land was resistant to the Aphid. Australian wine was available for sale domestically by the 1820s and during this time Gregory Blaxland became the first person to export Australian wine, and was the first winemaker to win an overseas award. There are 2 distinct weather patterns. Firstly, the spring rains, dry summers, average temperature of 25-35 degrees Celsius and some maritime influences affects West Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Secondly, the tropical based systems bring higher temperatures and higher humidity from the north. It affects mainly New South Wales and northern territories. The low cloud in New South Wales is an advantage to grape growing. The modern challenges are drought, fire and flood. The red varietals are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir. The White varietals are Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Australia has no native grapes, and Vitis vinifera varieties were introduced from Europe and South Africa. Some varieties have been bred by Australian viticulturalists. E. g. Cienna and Tarrango. About 130 different grape varieties are used by commercial winemakers. Australian winemaking results have been remarkable and it has established standard number of varietals, such as Chardonnay and Shiraz.

Ids Strengths And Weaknesses Information Technology Essay

Ids Strengths And Weaknesses Information Technology Essay Most organization with security infrastructure has become necessary to implement intrusion detection systems because of increased in number and severity due to signs of security problems. There are two types of intrusion detection system either NIDS or a HIDS approach are depend on how to select for their specific system and network environments. Combining these two technologies will produce truly effect results when work together will greatly improve network resistance to attacks and misuse. The graphic below demonstrates how host-based and network-based intrusion detection techniques work together because some events are detectable by network IDS only. Others that is detectable only at the host IDS. Strengths of Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems that the network-based systems cannot match Close to-real-time detection and reaction Intrusion detection is the route of monitoring the events taking place in a network or computer system. Both intrusion detection systems have different type of timing that is monitored. Many early host-based IDSs used timing scheme, as because it relied on operating system audit trails to generate as files that producing verification results of whether an attack was doing well or not. But in many cases an attack can be detected by intruder and stopped it before damage is done. Host-based IDS monitor explicit system activities Application-based IDSs are subset of host-based IDSs since host-based IDSs operate on information such as operating system audit logs which are collected from individual computer system. Host-based detection can analyze activities with great reliability and precision, for examples, host-based IDS can monitor all user login and logoff activity. Furthermore, determining which processes are involved in an operating system. Disparate network-based IDSs, host-based IDSs can distinguish the conclusion of an attempted attack as quickly as it is executed. Ultimately, host-based system is able to examine changes to key system files and executables frequently targeted by attacks. Attack such as install Trojan horses can be stopped. Network-based system sometimes misses this type of activity. Host-based detection systems are talented to associate users and programs with their effects on a system to alert the information such as what users issued what command and when. This is mainly because HID S are part of the target and are therefore capable to provide very superior information concerning the state of the system throughout an attack. Host-based IDS can detect attacks that network-based system fail to spot Host-based system is able to detect attacks via computer equipment such as keyboard that connected to critical server but do not cross the network, but network-based IDS cannot detect such attacks. In other words, HIDS only have to deal with attacks directed at the target itself and do not worry about capturing all the packets that cross a network. Consequently, NIDS are greatly less computationally expensive and have comparatively low performance impact on the host platform. Strengths of network-based Intrusion Detection Systems that the host-based systems cannot match Network-based IDS can detect attacks that host-based system fail to spot HIDSs cannot detest sign of suspicious activity such as attacks can only be indentified when travel across a network, for examples; IP-based denial-of-service (DOS) and fragmented packet (TearDrop) attacks because such attacks only can be recognized when travel across the network. NIDS may be invisible to the attacker while a HIDS will almost certainly leave some software footprint on systems where it is installed. NIDS deal with traffic as theoretical data for examples; a denial of service or death packet which might collapse a target host will not influence the NIDS. Instantaneous detection and reaction Network-based will gather information from network traffic streams to produce real-time IDS results quickly to allow the IDS to take immediate action to detect attack. Network-based IDS captured information sources from LAN segment or network backbones by analyzing network packets that are linked to the network segment, in so doing, with the network component providing early warning to immediate termination of the attack. Network-based Intrusion detection system are installed per network segment rather than per host Installing host-based IDSs on each host in the organization can be tremendously time-consuming and more expensive to deploy, since IDS has to be and installing software on every system that is to be monitored. For examples, coverage of 100 systems might require to installing a HIDS on each of the 100 systems. Whereby, network-based IDS allow strategic deployment at essential technique for viewing network traffic destined to several systems. Consequently, network-based systems do not require software to be installed and managed on a variety of hosts. In other words, NIDS are operating environment independent and may be invisible to the attacker. When deploying network-based IDSs to locate the system sensors to obtain advantages. A network-based placed external of a firewall can detect attacks from the external humankind, that break through the networks perimeter defences, yet still the firewall may be rejecting these attempts. Host-based systems unable to see rejected attacks that hit a host inside the firewall will not produce information that important in assess security policies. Conclusion In summary, NIDS do extremely well at detecting network-level abnormalities and abuses but NIDS may miss packets due to congestion on the network link that they are monitoring. Secondary, NIDS do not have a good notion of user identity because TCP/IP traffic does not convey an association. Therefore the NIDS would have difficulty telling the administrator accurately whether or not the attack had any effect. In a nutshell, the HIDS are more hostile about file integrity checking and collecting information including their CPU usage and file accesses. But the strengths of the HIDS relate directly to its weaknesses simply because HIDS is part of the target, any information it provides may be altered or deleted. for that reason, HIDS will have difficulty detecting attacks that completely wipe out the target system. When the operating system is crashed, the HIDS has crashed along with it and not alert is generated. Last but not least, a mixture of IDS tools must be used. Both HIDS and NIDS have matching strengths and weaknesses which, when combined, yield a very robust detection capability. Advantages and disadvantages of deploying IDS Overview Network Manager should request a proper guidance from vendors who specialize in IDS deployment and capable to provide detailed documentation and advice to select right features and capabilities Intrusion detection software where new flaws and vulnerabilities are discovering on a daily basis. There are many way of describing Intrusion detection systems. The primary descriptors are the system monitoring approaches, the analysis strategy, and the timing of information sources and analysis. The most common commercial Intrusion detection systems are real-time network-based. In order to select the best Intrusion detection systems and to integrate intrusion detection functions with the rest of the organization security infrastructure, governing factors. The most important that to prevent crisis behaviour that can abuse the system by increasing the perceived risk of discovery, improved diagnosis and rectification of causative factors. The first steps needed to illustration the characteristic of the threat from outside and inside an organisation, assisting in making decisions regarding the network is likely to be attacked and allocation of computer security resources. Additionally, understanding the frequency and features of attacks allows Network Manager drawing up the budget for network security resources whether the network currently under attack or likely to be attack. In todays hacking environment an attack can be launched and completed in under a millisecond. So that, another consideration that Network Manager should understand the functional components of the IDS whether components are the Host on which the IDS software runs. Most of the well-known desktop operating systems such as Windows 95-98 and Windows ME lack system logging facilities. Accountability and response are two overarching goals that Network Manager should state for intrusion detection systems. It is extremely difficult to enforce accountability in any system with weak identification and authentication mechanisms. To achieve the goals, Network Manager should understand and evaluate the control strategy of the input and output of the IDS then analyze which process model for Intrusion detection can help to determine what goals are best addressed by each intrusions detection system. For instance, military or other organizations that deal with national security issues tend to manage with a high degree of regulation. Some Intrusion Detection systems offer features that support enforcement of formal use policies. The resources prerequisite for each category of IDS varies broadly. Solution or general method to categorize Intrusion Detection systems is to assembly by information source. Network-based intrusion detection system analyze network packet. Other Intrusion Detection systems analyze information generated by the operating system. Perhaps the Network Manager can specify a security goal is by categorizing an organizations threat concerns. At this time, Network Manager can review the existing organization security policies, network infrastructure and resource level. If, on the other hand, the organization wishes to actively respond to such violations so that they can deal with alarms in an appropriate manner. The following session will discussed the advantages and disadvantages associated with different type of deployment of Intrusion Detection systems in an organization. Advantages and disadvantages of deploying Network Intrusion Detection systems The above diagram shows a typical deployment of Network Intrusion detection systems for doing packet analysis. An intrusion detection system placed outside the firewall to detect attack attempts coming from Internet. The advantages of Network-based IDS can be ready to protect against attack and even made undetectable to many attackers. To accomplish advantages of Network Intrusion detection system, well-placed network-based IDS can monitor a large network but it may have complicatedness processing all packets in a large or busy network and, consequently, may fail to distinguish an attack launched during periods of high traffic. Other disadvantages of Network-based Intrusion detection system cannot analyze encrypted information. Location 1 of Network-based IDS sensors, placed behind the external firewall and Router has advantages to observe attacks, originating from the outside world, that break through the networks perimeter defences that may target the ftp server or web server. Most network-based Intrusion detection system cannot tell whether or not an attack was successful. Location 2 of the Network-based IDS sensors placed outside an external firewall has advantages to document sort of attack originating on the Internet that target to attack the network. For full enterprise coverage Network Intrusion detection system must be placed on each network segment and should be able to remotely manage the various Network Intrusion detection systems, collate the information gathered, and display the enterprise-wide information on a console. Now the market has a number of products that detect attacks in real-time and react straight away, hopefully before damage is done. An effective method for real-time Intrusion Detection is to monitor security-related activity occurring on the various systems and devices that make up the network. Real-tome activity monitors can detect attacks such as attempts to access unauthorized sensitive files or to replace the log-in program with a new version. When suspicious activity is detected the real-time activity monitor can take immediate action before damage is done. The advantage of real-time activity monitors is that they deploy close to the mission-critical data and applications. Monitoring for attacks from both the inside and the outside the network becomes much easier, since all of the devices are being watched. Advantages and disadvantages of deploying Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems A host-based Intrusion Detection System resides on the system being monitored and tracks changes made to important files and directories with ability to monitor events local to a host. One of the advantages of host-based IDS is that it does not have to look for patterns, only changes within a specify set of rules. Host-based intrusion detection methodologies fall under Post-event audit trail analysis. For instance, products in this category perform automated audit trail analysis, reduction and management. Persistently the purchase of such a product can be justified on the cost savings achieved through the centralized and automation of audit trail management. Other advantages are that investigators can go back in time and do historical analysis of events that have occurred in the past. Lastly, this is particular helpful in exploration of break-ins that have taken place over a period of time. From the network-based security viewpoint, by the time it detects the security problem, its normally too late to react and look after the data, and the resulting consequences of the attack go far deeper into the network without resistance. In due course, the damage is already done by the time you find out. Also, given that most hackers learn how to cover up their tracks by tampering with audit trails, after-the-fact analysis often misses attacks. Conclusion In tradition way, most industrial devices lean to be primarily signature based like virus detection systems so they need periodic updates of these signatures to detect the most recent threats. An additional feature, called Active Response, that many NID systems offer is the ability to automatically react to detected alerts to protect the network from the threat. The majority attacks at the present come from the Internet, and the threat from the Internet is ever-increasing every year. Further, as large and medium businesses implement more sophisticated Internet defenses, it may have the effect of focusing attention on smaller businesses as hackers look for targets with a higher probabilities of success. Clearly, as small businesses use the Internet more and the threat from Internet attack increases, the risk increases. To help them mitigate this risk, they will find much of the attention of influential people and organizations in the IT industry is focused on deploying IDS systems. As present, it would be difficult to read about the Information Technology (IT) or IT security without encountering a wide array of advice in print and online recommending or assuming your organization has deployed a NIDS. It is easy and perhaps necessary to be influenced by these sources because they are a valuable source of information and analysis. Mainly because IT person dont have the time to research every new idea for running their networks, and they usually dont have a test tab. So they depend on published information to help guide policy and make decisions. In the case of NIDS, the advice is universally in favour of deployment. The sensor located in location 1 and 2 are the eyes of a network as defined above diagram, NIDS systems capture and analyze traffic across some network boundary. These will log data on every signal back to the monitoring station. With the sensors placed at these points, it becomes possible to observe analyze and document traffic travelling into and out of the network. With sensors in these positions a number analyses become possible whereby data from the outside sensor can be analyzed to provide information on the type, frequency, source and the target of reconnaissance scans and attacks. This information can then be used to identify specific scans, attacks, targets, and to an extent specific sources of malicious signals coming at the internal network. Secondly, the NIDS will show breaches of the firewall. The classic sign of this is a questionable signal showing up both in the outside and inside sensors. When th is happens, and there is not established session from within the LAN, its time to have a look at the firewall rules to see why this is happening. It is the only way an analyst can identify attacks and scans that dont match a predefined signature. By analyzing the logs of traffic, usually on the outside interface, it is possible to identify patterns showing new scans and attacks that are not captured by the NIDS signature library. In can provide records of network traffic for forensic analysis. All of these above analyses are different parts of the same idea. As the eye of the network, it makes observation and recording of network traffic possible. If analysis resources are added, it makes it possible to answer many questions about the signal environment outside the firewall, the effectiveness of the firewall, and the kinds and volume of traffic flowing through the network.

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

The Book I read was called Fahrenheit 451. Written by Ray Bradbury. Fahrenheit 451 took place in the 24th century. It was about a society that frowned on curiosity and outlawed books. The story focuses around a man named Guy Montage, A man who burns books for a living. The book talks about Guy and his enlightenment towards books and how he discovers himself in the process. There were 5 main character in this book. The main character in the story was Guy Montage, a fireman/pyromaniac. The firemen in this story were actually people who started fires In order to prevent people from reading books. Guy enjoyed his job A little to much he became obsessed with it. Guy had a wife named Millie; She was a pill popping suicidal snob who was obsessed with material things. Guy had a boss named Captain Beaty, A representation of everything that is wrong with society and who encourages Guy to set fires. The person who encourages Guy to experience life is a teenager named Clarisse. The man who eventually acts as a mentor to Guy is a retired English Professor named Faber. The theme of the story is to not let society completely engulf you. I think that bradbury wanted us to read this story and Think to ourselves could this happen to us? I Think That all of Bradburys books are all similar in that they all try to make us think what could and might happen. The way things are going I Think the complete opposite will happen, less and less censorship. Although Both will lead to the same outcome of people being Miserable and sad. Bradbury has a very unique writing style. He writes stories that are totally unbelievable and yet makes them believable. I think that what I enjoy most about reading his books is his way of describing things so sharply and precise that it makes you feel like your in the story. I think that his books scare me a little, In that he writes them so real that I sometimes believe that the stories could happen in actual life.

Communication in Health & Social Care Essay

1. Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting 1.1 – Identify the different reasons people communicate To express needs; to share ideas and information; to reassure; to express feelings; to build relationships; socialise; to ask questions; to share experiences People communicate in order to establish and maintain relationships with others, to give and receive information and instructions, to understand and be understood, to share opinions, knowledge, feelings, emotions, to give encouragement and show others they are valued. see more:people from different backgrounds Communication is an essential tool a carer can use to meet the needs of those they are caring for. It is a basic requirement of my job role to communicate with individuals and their families, other members of staff on a daily basis. Communicating with other staff members ensures effective team working and continuity of care. It also ensures any health and safety issues are recognised and reported. All carers attend hand over at the beginning of each shift and also complete communication books after attending an individual, thereby keeping other staff informed and aware of current situations within the workplace. Individuals communicate with carers to express their needs and preferences and to ensure they are met. As a carer I would discuss the options and choices available to the individual to allow them an informed choice regards their care. 1.2 – Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting Effective communication is more than just talking, and is essential for the well-being of the individuals you care for. It includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, positioning and appearance. It is important to be aware of non-verbal communication when interacting with individuals at work. Communication is a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace. If people don’t communicate well they limit their ability to connect on any meaningful level and, at the extreme, can create conflict. Positive communication skills like listening, open questions, calm tone of voice. These help bring people together because they are behaviours that lead to creating relationships. Workplace relationships also become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. 2. Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals 2.2 – Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication It is impossible to do without communication in health and social care, we have many reasons to communicate and it is essential communication is done effectively without misunderstanding others or being misunderstood. We communicate with: Patients, residents, clients, Health care professionals, Managers and supervisors, Family and friends. Factors to consider: – that most communication is non-verbal, that information must be factual and concise and not be littered with personal opinions (and documented in the same manner). Documented care should be dated, timed and signed. This last point is particularly important when maintaining medication records). There are many other factors to consider when promoting effective communication such as: – environment – is the location correct, it is noisy, do you need privacy, is the communication able to flow freely whilst doing a task or is a formal place required. – proximity – the better you know a person the closer you will be and sharing information is easier – closeness can encourage effective communication. Do you need to reposition yourself or say chairs around you to ensure you make effective use of the space around you so it is not a barrier to communication. – body positioning/body language – do you need to lean towards the person to encourage communication and show them you are interested but going too close can be invading someone’s â€Å"space†. Standing directly in front of someone may be interpreted as being too direct. Body language needs to be considered – arms crossed can be perceived as defensive and not open to communication. Standing over a person may also seem intimidating – do you need to kneel down onto someone’s level. – touch – A light touch on a person’s arm or hand can communicate caring and understanding, but sometimes touch can feel intrusive, even threatening. Touch is a safeguarding issue and you must never impose yourself physically on a vulnerable adult. You also need to consider the method of communication and what is the best way for effective communication such as – written (emails, texts, letters, reports etc), verbal (face to face or over telephone). You will also need to consider cultural differences when promoting effective communication. Acknowledging and responding to the cultural aspects of a person’s identity and care needs are strategies that are likely to enhance communication. Avoid general assumptions that beliefs about issues such as diet, personal care practices, sleeping arrangements and ‘health’ are shared by all service users. Another factor is language differences – Language is a central feature of any communication process. There is often an assumption in care settings that the language of the dominant culture should be used, which in most cases is English. Where care professionals are involved, this may also include use of technical health or social care jargon. Avoid using jargon where possible as it can confuse service users who are unfamiliar with the specialist terms. Physical difficulties influence the way individuals are able to communicate. This is another factor to consider. You need to be sensitive to the specific needs of individuals so communication is facilitated from the start. For example, if a person has difficulty enunciating (speaking clearly) following a stroke, allow enough time for a conversation to take place, check frequently that you are receiving their message correctly and reassure the person that they don’t need to rush. You also need to fact in those people with hearing difficulties or those who are visually impaired. You need to consider whether the person’s hearing aid is in and working, speaking clearly and concisely, ensure you speak directly to the person’s face or in front of them. Use facial expressions to aid understanding. With visually impaired ensure you introduce that you are there before launching into a conversation, use light touches on the body to let someone know you are there and make sure clearly end a conversation and let the person know if you are leaving. 3. Be able to overcome barriers to communication 3.1 – Explain how people from different background may use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways Diversity is something to be celebrated however everyone being different can cause issues with communication. We are all different and interpret information in different ways so we need to ensure we consider peoples differences when communicating. Cultural differences can mean people interpret communication differently. What is acceptable in one culture may not be in another e.g. a handshake between a man and woman may not be allowed, addressing the opposite sex may not be allowed, personal care of the opposite sex may not be allowed. People may also not be competent in communicating effectively – they may not have had a formal education or have special educational needs therefore it is important to consider how that individual can interpret information and in turn communicate themselves. In simple terms a person’s personality also affects how they communicate and respond to communication. A quiet introverted person may not be heard about a loud extrovert person. Also that person may not be able to digest information in a room that is full of loud, noisy people. Similarly a person who likes noise and a room full of chatter may not prefer a quiet environment and could â€Å"switch off†.

Seven Wonders

About a hundred years after the Statue of Zeus came the Temple of Artemis. It was built in the ancient city of Ephesus, or modern day Turkey. The architect Theodorus probably built the incredible temple, and he most likely did so to honor the Greek Goddess of the Moon, Artemis. Tragically, a man named Herostratus set the Temple of Artemis on fire along with a group of Goths in an attempt to have his name go down in history. He managed to do so and city officials tried to enforce a new law stating that if any one citizen of Ephesus mentioned his name, they would receive the death penalty; the attempt failed. All of religion at this point declined because Artemis did not protect her temple. The structure as well as the story is terrific. Measuring about three hundred feet by one hundred fifty feet, and the one hundred twenty seven columns each having a heighth of about sixty feet, one can easily see how the Temple of Artemis' means of construction are a complete mistery. Theodorus built the columns so that they had proportions to the human body. Aside from that, it was completed around 440 B. C. and took approximately one hundred twenty years to build. Such strenuous man labor classify this temple as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Contemporary to the Temple of Artemis was the Mausoleum, which was located in Halicarnassus, or present day Turkey. It all began when Mausolus took over with Artemisia. In 353 B. C. , Mausolus died, leaving his wife Artemisia, who was also his sister, incredibly depressed. In honor of Mausolus, she decided to build him the â€Å"most splendid tomb in the known world. † The Mausoleum surprisingly managed to remain intact after over sixteen centuries. It went through many hardships and risky situations, one being the reign of Alexander the Great, and yet somehow never fell apart. It did, however, eventually collapse when a severe sequence of earthquakes passed in the fifteenth century. Unlike the other â€Å"Wonders of the World,† this building did not rely on size, but rather on beauty to catch the eyes of modern people. That is to say, the Mausoleum was so beautiful and unique that it became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Development And Importance Of Youth Cultural Consumption

Introduction Consumption is a pivotal component in economies of regions, countries, cities, towns, and other localities. This is premised on the fact that consumption is a function of an area’s economic standing. The young people are affected by the identity mission, an issue which makes them big spenders. Identity is an aspect which is based on perceptions within different contexts (Kjeldgaard, 2002). The youth culture in the marketing world is held as a prototypical illustration of a global segment (Hassan and Katsanis, 2001).This has led to the labels like the Gen X, the teen segment, baby busters, etc. These sub sets of society stem from the uniform consumption styles adopted by the group. The sharing f such consumer behavior across the world is thought to be behind the development of the world youth sub culture growth. The spaces present in different localities where the youth conduct their lives are however hugely ignored (Kjeldgaard, 2002). Globalization creates an expl osion in the product and image market.The young consumers are generally responsive to world trends as compared to the other sub groups in the society. he different sub cultures and lifestyles across the globe continue to fragment though it seems like the youth segment of society continue to merge in reference to the pursuit of identity as reflected in their consumption habits. However, the notion of the young has changed over time shifting from its empirical sense to the cultural sense (Kjeldgaard, 2002). The identity construction in the youth is the largest consequence occasioned by youth consumer culture. However, in other localities it remains hugely latent in nature since it arises from primary meditation (Kjeldgaard, 2002).The youth consumer culture greatly impacts on the development of economies in a variety of ways. To begin with, the youth sub culture leads to an increased demand for various products, secondly, the sub culture occasions the growth of other services like adve rtising and marketing, thirdly, the sub culture expands the job market (Hassan and Katsanis, 2001). The youth as indicated above present a consumer oriented group. This is so because of their responsive nature to world trends. Unlike the old generation, the youth spends a lot of their income.The income due to the youth is however not always earned as a number of this generation may be dependent on the older generation for upkeep. However, the working class younger generation is known for their pursuit of fashion, an attribute which predisposes them to heavy expenditure (Hassan and Katsanis, 2001). This aspect implies that the youth forces the demand for luxury and fashion goods to higher levels. If a city is a big producer of the luxury or goods in the line of youth attraction, then such a city is likely to develop.The city or country will definitely have to expand on production with a view to meeting the rising demand or the products in question. however, if the country which offer s residence to the a youth which does not work though it spends, this may be a drain on the economy as a lot of money is spent on consumption instead of having such funds being channeled to investment. This will affect the future development of a city or a nation in the long run. In the same line, if the city or country does not produce the goods demanded by the younger generation, it means such a destination will have to rely on imports to meet the demand.Imports may be cheap; however, in the long run they will have an adverse effect on the country’s balance of payments (Hassan and Katsanis, 2001). This does not augur well for the development of any region whether a city or a country. The other effect of the consumer culture attributable to the youth segment of society as identified above rests on its ability to ignite the development and growth of other industries. Consumption is affected by a host of factors. Advertising and marketing present such factors.Every producer in tends to sell; selling depends on the level of awareness that pervades the ground concerning product emergence or availability. Advertisements are very creative and have developed to all time highs as marketers try to outwit each other. The result of the consumerism nature of the youth has thus led to the expansion and growth of marketing and advertising in different countries and cities (Hassan and Katsanis, 2001). The youth sub culture as realized remains consumption focused; as a result, the group is under no illusions as it must seek employment to support its activities.This inculcates a hard motif into the group in the pursuit of finances to fund their projects. In this pursuit, towns, cities, and countries benefit from a high number of competent individuals entering to the labor force. An increased number to the labor force has a variety of benefits to every society. Conclusion This paper finds out that the youth sub culture has a number of effects on the economies of towns, c ities and countries. The effects are two-fold as the culture leads to both beneficial and adverse effects, however, with good planning; the youth sub culture is a useful segment which helps in the development of an economy.

Research Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Articles - Essay Example Qualitative evaluation based on ethnographic method at two suburban high schools. The setting for the study is two suburban school (Gance-Cleveland 2004 p.380). Children are persuaded to share the details of the problems in the family in a trusting and supportive environment and by creating a less stigmatizing and more positive environment for the participants. The research was approved by IRB (Institutional review board) and prior permission was obtained from cofacilitators, administrators and students for each interview. The anonymity of the participant was safeguarded in theoretical sampling in focus groups through by using code numbers in the data (Gance-Cleveland 2004 p.382). Patients were reviewed from an academic health center. Inclusion criteria are used with a face to face interview prior to the hospitalization and the measurement of pain through various methods preoperatively and post operatively (Ridge & Goodson 2000 p.71). The sample size constituted various numbers of participants for each study. The size of the sample seems to be adequate considering the age and probability of the hip replacement surgery. The study was conducted in an academic health centre ((Ridge & Goodson 2000 p.72). Five data collection instruments were used. They are Functional Status Index, Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, Health Assessment Questionnaire, Sickness Impact Profile and Index of Well Being. The data was collected once before the surgery and twice after the surgery (Ridge & Goodson 2000 p.72) The ethical rights of the patients was safeguarded during the research since it is evident that patients were not forced to participate and even participants who dropped during the course of the research were not included in the final analysis ((Ridge & Goodson 2000 p.74). The research was conducted in a written format through the selection of statements in outcome measurement instrument that reduces the changes of bias in the data. The sampling

Value of scientific process Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Value of scientific process - Term Paper Example After analyzing and observing the theory from an external perspective, the scientist can then formulate a hypothesis in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. In the process of formulating a hypothesis, the scientist must also predict a logical and reasonable conclusion for the theory he formulated. In the scientific method observation plays a role in the derivation of the theory and in analytical part of the experiment. The different observation by two different scientists should be comparable as humans have both subjective and qualitative senses which make them difficult for comparison. Observation also implements other parameters such as measurement. This is the comparison of a certain observation with a standard value (‘Introduction to the Scientific Method’, n.d). Human senses which are utilized during the observation process are subject to error. Instruments have been created to minimize the margin for error and as technology advances, so are the different instrume nts used. They also allow for the improvement of accuracy during observation. Observation at times comes into play when observation affects the actual experiment and causes a deviation in the final results. The results obtained are also influenced by many different factors. These factors are referred to as paradoxes. This occurs when a similar event illustrates different conclusions depending on the viewpoint of the scientist. Observations are also subject to biasness as the complex process by which human senses observe and perceive data is determined by internal neural mechanisms that are built up throughout our lives and to a certain extent, beyond our conscious control. The different types of biasness include, confirmation, which refers to a scientist observing only the expected outcome and not the actual results. Others are processing bias, which involves the processing of data before it is actually observed. This usually occurs in computer based experiments. Observational bias refers to the subjection of the observer to the ‘street light effect’, when scientists also observe places which they presume will provide them with results (Freedman, 2010). However, they could end up omitting or neglecting vital aspects of the experiment. Prediction refers to the act of foretelling the outcomes of a particular experiment. For this purpose, research is usually conducted for theories that possess logical outcomes. The prediction helps to provide a guideline for the experiment. However, this also has a negative side as, scientists’ mode of observation maybe biased. Predictions also help to establish the probable outcome using hypothetical values and a certain framework. When making predictions, they must be based on a scientific theory. A common example of formulating a good prediction can be witness in the work of J.J Thomson (Shuttleworth, 2009). Prior to completing an experiment and attaining results that coincided with his prediction, he would proceed to create another prediction on the next stage of the research. This would allow him to expand on his research and make new discoveries. Physics is largely involved with the prediction part of the scientific method. Theorists such as Albert Einstein utilized mathematical